اثر پتاسیم و روی بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک نخود در شرایط دیم

بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی

مقاله 2، دوره 10، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 38، بهمن 1393، صفحه 11-25   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

نویسندگان

امین عباسی مقدم^{* 1}؛ علی عبادی²؛ حسین شهبازی¹

¹دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زراعت دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات اردبیل اردبیل، ایران

²دانشیار گروه زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

به منظور تعیین اثر مقادیر مختلف پتاسیم و روی بر عملکرد و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک نخود در شرایط دیم، آزمایشی در سال 1390 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اردبیل، به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل پتاسیم در چهار سطح 0، 30، 60 و 90 کیلوگرم در هکتار و روی در سه سطح 0، 3 و 6 در هزار بودند. صفات مورد بررسی شامل عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، شاخص برداشت، تعداد دانه در بوته، تعداد غلاف در بوته، میزان کلروفیل a، b و کل، محتوی رطوبت نسبی برگ، پایداری غشای سلولی و پتانسیل اسمزی بودند. کاربرد پتاسیم و روی موجب افزایش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد شد به طوری­که بیشترین عملکرد دانه با کاربرد 60 کیلوگرم در هکتار پتاسیم و محلول­پاشی 6 در هزار روی به دست آمد. همچنین حداکثر عملکرد بیولوژیک، شاخص برداشت، تعداد دانه در بوته، کلروفیل a، b و کلروفیل کل و رطوبت نسبی برگ، پایداری غشای سلولی و پایین­ترین پتانسیل اسمزی به تیمار 90 کیلوگرم در هکتار پتاسیم و تیمار 6 در هزار روی اختصاص یافت. کاربرد روی و پتاسیم موجب بهبود شاخص­های تحمل به تنش و کاهش آسیب­های ناشی از تنش خشکی شده و عملکرد را افزایش داد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

پایداری غشای سلول؛ پتانسیل اسمزی؛ رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی؛ عناصر غذایی؛ کم آبی؛ محتوی رطوبت نسبی برگ

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