اثر فلزات سنگین کادمیوم و نیکل بر عملکرد و صفات زراعی گیاه دارویی خرفه

بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی

مقاله 8، دوره 10، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 34، خرداد 1393، صفحه 83-92   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

نویسندگان

مهراب یادگاری^{* 1}؛ سحر کریمی²

¹استادیار دانشکده کشاورزی واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی شهرکرد، ایران.

²دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاداسلامی واحد شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران.

چکیده

گیاه پالایی تکنیکی جهت پالایش زمین و اصلاح خاک­های آلوده از فلزات سنگین است. به دلیل انتشار آسان، همچنین تحمل بالا به خشکی، شوری و فلزات سنگین،خرفه به عنوان یک گیاه انباشتگر‌ فلزات سنگین مطرح می­باشد.به منظور بررسی اثر فلزات سنگین نیکل و کادمیوم بر رشد، عملکرد و سایر صفات زراعی گیاه دارویی خرفه، آزمایشی بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی به صورت فاکتوریل با دو عامل سطوح مختلف نیکل (­0، 20، 60 و 120 میلی­گرم بر کیلو­گرم) و سطوح مختلف کادمیوم (­0، 5، 20 و 40 میلی­گرم بر کیلو­گرم) در بهار و تابستان سال 1391 به صورت گلدانی در مزرعه­ی تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهرکرد انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که سطوح مختلف کادمیوم و نیکل، تأثیر معنی‌داری بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک گیاه خرفه داشته و با افزایش غلظت، مقدار صفات ارزیابی شده به طور معنی­داری نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش یافت. بیشترین ارتفاع بوته، وزن تر و خشک شاخساره و ریشه­ی گیاه، درصد عصاره­مربوط به گیاهان شاهد و پایین‌ترین میزان مربوط به گیاهان تحت تیمار با بالاترین سطوح آلودگی ترکیبی نیکل (120 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم) و کادمیوم (40 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم) و نیز تیمار منفرد کادمیوم (40 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم) بود. همچنین نقش منفی کادمیوم به مراتب بیشتر از نیکل بود و باعث کاهش شدید صفات مورد بررسی گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

هِوی متال؛ Portulaca oleracea؛ Ni؛ Cd؛ سمیت خاک

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