ارزیابی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌‎های گندم نان ((Triticum aestivum L

بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی

مقاله 1، دوره 7، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 24، مهر 1390، صفحه 1-8   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

نویسندگان

مریم امری^{* 1}؛ حمداله کاظمی اربط²؛ مظفر روستایی³

¹دانشجوی رشته اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز.

²استاد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز.

³استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، مراغه.

چکیده

به‎منظور بررسی روابط برخی از صفات مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک با عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد نه ژنوتیپ اصلاحی گندم پاییزه و دو رقم شاهد زرین و الوند، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 88-1387 در قالب طرح بلوک­­­ های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تبریز اجرا شد. در طول فصل زراعی ارتفاع بوته، طول پدانکل، تعداد دانه در سنبله، وزن هزاردانه، شاخص برداشت، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، وزن کاه و کلش اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس بیانگر وجود تفاوت معنی­دار بین ژنوتیپ‎ها برای صفات مورد اندازه­گیری بود که نشان‎دهنده وجود تنوع ژنتیکی بین ژنوتیپ­ها از نظر تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه می‌باشد. لاین شماره 2 (Shi# 4414/Crow"s"//Kvz) با متوسط عملکرد 5722 کیلوگرم در هکتار بیشترین میزان تولید را دارا بود. عملکرد دانه با طول ساقه (**60/0=r) و وزن کاه و کلش (**85/0=r) همبستگی مثبت و معنی­داری داشت. براساس نتایج تجزیه علیت، تعداد دانه در سنبله، وزن کاه وکلش، وزن هزار دانه و شاخص برداشت به عنوان موثرترین صفات بر روی عملکرد دانه بوده و 95 درصد از تغییرات عملکرد دانه را توجیه کردند. بنابراین، صفات مذکور می‎توانند در برنامه­های بهنژادی و گزینش ژنوتیپ‌های برتر گندم­­­های زمستانه مورد استفاده قرار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

گندم؛ عملکرد؛ اجزای عملکرد؛ تجزیه علیت؛ همبستگی

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