شناسایی مولکولی و تشخیص ژن کدکننده دی اکسی نیوالنول در جدایه های Fusarium graminearum عامل بلایت فوزاریومی سنبله گندم در ایران

بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی

مقاله 3، دوره 7، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 22، اردیبهشت 1390، صفحه 19-26   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

نویسندگان

رویا رضائیان دلوئی^* ؛ سعید رضایی¹؛ منصوره میرابوالفتحی²؛ حمید رضا زمانی زاده¹؛ محمد رضوی²

¹اعضای هیت علمی گروه بیماری شناسی گیاهی، دانشکدهکشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تهران واحد علوم و تحقیقات

²اعضای هیت علمی بخش تحقیقات بیماری های گیاهی، موسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی کشور، تهران

چکیده

بیماری بلایت فوزاریومی سنبله یکی از مهم­ترین بیماری­های قارچی گندم در ایران و سایر نقاط جهان می­باشد. عامل اصلی این بیماری Fusarium graminearum  شناخته شده که گندم را در طی دوره گل­دهی آلوده کرده و نه تنها باعث کاهش محصول می­گردد، بلکه  با تولید زهرابه قارچی، موجب مسمومیت در انسان و دام نیز می شود. در این مطالعه 60 جدایه F. graminearum جداشده از مزارع گندم آلوده از استان­های مختلف ایران مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. تشخیص مولکولی جدایه­ها بر اساس روش PCR با استفاده از آغازگرهای اختصاصی Fg16F/Fg16R برای این گونه انجام و تعلق کلیه جدایه­ها به گونه F. graminearum مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. در کلیه جدایه­ها یک باند 420 جفت بازی تکثیر شد که در سایر گونه­های نزدیک از جمله F. culmorum مشاهده نگردید. جدایه­ها برای تشخیص ژن کدکننده زهرابه دی اکسی نیوالنول با استفاده از آغازگر اختصاصی Tri13F/Tri13DONR مورد آزمایش قرار گرفتند. تنها در 36 جدایه یک قطعه 228 جفت بازی تکثیر گردید. با توجه به این که روش­های مرسوم بسیار وقت‎گیر و غیراختصاصی هستند، استفاده از آغازگرهای ویژه گونه برای تشخیص سریع کشت­های مشکوک به F. graminearum برای تعیین گونه قارچ عامل بیماری به طور مستقیم دربافت آلوده و تعیین ترکیب زهرابه­های تولیدی آن از اهمیت خاصی برخوردار است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

FHB؛ آغازگر اختصاصی گونه؛ زهرابه؛ توکسین؛ DON

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