The Enhancement of Drought Stress Tolerance of Kentucky Bluegrass by Prohexadione-Calcium Treatment

Journal of Ornamental Plants

مقاله 1، دوره 5، شماره 4، اسفند 2015، صفحه 197-204   

نوع مقاله: Research Paper

نویسندگان

Javad Rezapour Fard؛ Mohsen Kafi^* ؛ Roohangiz Naderi

Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty College of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

چکیده

Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is one of the most widely used turfgrasses for home lawns, golf courses, parks, and athletic fields in temperate climates. Oxidative stress caused by drought stress is a major limiting factor for grass cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions. The objective of this study was to investigate whether Prohexadione-Calcium (Pro-Ca) may play a role in promoting drought tolerance in Kentucky bluegrass. Pro-Ca was exogenously applied as a foliar spray at the rate of 0, 7.5, 15 or 25 mg a.i./m2 to well established kentucky bluegrass under wellwatered (100 of field capacity) or drought-stressed (70 and 40% of field capacity) conditions. The effect of Pro-Ca on the growth physiology, drought stress response, antioxidant activity, and lipid peroxidation of Kentucky bluegrass exposed to drought stress was measured during 28 days at 7 days interval. Pro-Ca treated kentucky bluegrass exposed to drought stress had higher relative water content (RWC) and turf quality, and lower electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content as membrane integrity indicators, compared with untreated plants. Pro-Ca application significantly increased the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) activities under well-watered and drought conditions, but this increase is more evident in drought stressed plants. Pro-Ca application at 15 mg/m2 was found to be more effective in alleviating drought stress damage in kentucky bluegrass. The results from this study suggest that Pro-Ca enhanced drought stress tolerance in kentucky bluegrass by maintaining higher RWC and membrane stability.

مراجع

Asada, K. 1999. The water–water cycle in chloroplasts: scavenging of active oxygens and dissipation
of excess photons. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 50:
601–639.
Ashraf, M. and Harris, P.J.C. 2013. Photosynthesis under stressful environments: an overview.
Photosynthetica, 51: 163–190.
Barrs, H.D. and Weatherley, P.E. 1962. A re-examination of the relative turgidity techniques for estimating
water deficits in leaves. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences, 15:413–428.
Bian, S. and Jiang, Y. 2009. Reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression
patterns in leaves and roots of kentucky bluegrass in response to drought stress and recovery.
Scientia Horticulturae, 120: 264–270.
Blum, A. and Ebercon, A. 1981. Cell membrane stability as a measure of drought and heat tolerance
in wheat. Crop Science, 21:43–47.
Bowler, C. Van Montagu, M. and Inzé, D. 1992. Superoxide dismutase and stress tolerance. Annual
Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 43: 83–116.
Bradford, M.M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities
of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72: 248–254.
DaCosta, M. and Huang, B. 2007. Changes in antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation
for bentgrass species in responses to drought stress. Journal of American Society for Horticultural
Science, 132: 319–326.
Dhindsa, R.S., Plumb-Dhindsa, P. and Thorpe, T.A. 1981. Leaf senescence: correlated with increased
leaves of membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation and decreased levels of superoxide
dismutase and catalase. Journal of Experimental Botany, 32: 93–101.
Evans, J.R., Evans, R.R., Regusci, C.L. and Rademacher, W. 1999. Mode of action, metabolism,
and uptake of BAS 125W, prohexadione-calcium. HortScience, 34: 1200–1201.
Farooq, M., Basra, S.M.A., Wahid, A., Cheema, Z.A., Cheema, M.A. and Khaliq, A. 2008. Physiological
role of exogenously applied glycinebetaine in improving drought tolerance of fine grain
aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 194: 325–333.
Feng, Z., Guo, A. and Feng, Z. 2003. Amelioration of chilling stress by triadimefon in cucumber
seedlings. Plant Growth Regulation, 39: 277–283.
Foyer, C.H., Deascouveries, P. and Kunert, K.J. 1994. Protection against oxygen radicals: important
defense mechanism studied in transgenic plants. Plant, Cell and Environment, 17: 507–523.
Foyer, C.H. and Fletcher, J.M. 2001. Plant antioxidants: colour me healthy. Biologist, 48: 115–120.
Halliwell, B. and Gutteridge, J.M.C. 1999. Free radicals in biology and medicine. Oxford University
Press, Oxford, USA.
Jiang, M. and Zhang, J. 2001. Effect of abscisic acid on active oxygen species, antioxidative defence
system and oxidative damage in leaves of maize seedlings. Plant and Cell Physiology, 42:
1265–1273.

Leshem, Y.Y. and Hamaraty, E. 1996. Plant aging: the emission of NO and ethylene and effect of
NO-releasing compounds on growth of pea (Pisum sativum L.) foliage. Plant Physiology,
148: 258–263.
McCord, J.M. and Fridovich, I. 1969. Superoxide dismutase: an enzymic function for erythrocuprein
(hemocuprein). Journal of Biological Chemistry, 244: 6049–6055.
Mittler, R. 2002. Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends in Plant Science, 7:
405–410.
Moller, I.M., Jensen, P.E. and Hansson, A. 2007. Oxidative modifications to cellular components
in plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 58: 459–481.
Munne-Bosch, S. and Penuelas, J. 2003. Photo and antioxidative protection, and a role for salicylic
acid during drought and recovery in field-grown Phillyrea angustifolia plants. Planta, 217:
758–766.
Nakano, Y. and Asada, K. 1981. Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase
in spinach chloroplasts. Plant and Cell Physiology, 22: 867–880.
Rachmilevitch, S., Dacosta, M. and Huang, B. 2006. Physiological and biochemical indicators for
stress tolerance. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Rademacher, W. 2000. Growth retardants: effects on gibberellin biosynthesis and other metabolic
pathways. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 51: 501–531.
Reddy, A.R., Ramachandra, R.K., Chaitanya, V. and Vivekanandan, M. 2004. Drought-induced
responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants. Journal of Plant
Physiology, 161: 1189–1202.
Shaoyun, L., Su, W., Li, H. and Guo, H. 2009. Abscisic acid improves drought tolerance of triploid
bermudagrass and involves H2O2- and NO-induced antioxidant enzyme activities. Plant
Physiology and Biochemistry, 47: 132–138.
Sharma, P. and Dubey, R.S. 2005. Drought induces oxidative stress and enhances the activities of
antioxidant enzyme in growing rice seedling. Plant Growth Regulation, 46: 209–221.
Sharma, P., Jha, A.B., Dubey, R.S. and Pessarakli, M. 2012. Reactive oxygen species, oxidative
damage, and antioxidative defense mechanism in plants under stressful conditions. Journal
of Botany, http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/217037.
Shi, Q., Ding, F., Wang, X. and Wei, M. 2007. Exogenous nitric oxide protect cucumber roots against
oxidative stress induced by salt stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 45: 542–550.
Smirnoff, N. 1993. The role of active oxygen in the response of plants to water deficit and desiccation.
New Phytologist, 125: 27–58.
Turgeon, A.J. 2002. Turfgrass management. 6th Edition. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle Brook, N.J.
Turkan, I., Bor, M., Özdemir, F. and Koca, H. 2005. Differential responses of lipid peroxidation
and antioxidants in the leaves of drought-tolerant P. acutifolius Gray and drought sensitive
P. vulgaris L. subjected to polyethylene glycol mediated water stress. Plant Science, 168:
223–231.
Winkler, V. 1997. Reduced risk concept for prohexadione-calcium, a vegetative growth control plant
growth regulator in apples. Acta Horticulturae, 451: 667–671
Zhu, J.K. 2002. Salt and drought stress signal transduction in plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology,
53: 247–273.