نقش میکوریزا در تحمل به خشکی همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L)

اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

مقاله 2، دوره 9، 4(36) زمستان، دی 1394، صفحه 521-532   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

شیوا مقدسان¹؛ اکبر صفی پور افشار^{* 2}؛ فاطمه سعید نعمت پور²

¹دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه زیست شناسی، واحد نیشابور، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نیشابور، ایران

²استادیار گروه زیست شناسی، واحد نیشابور، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نیشابور، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تأثیر همزیستی میکوریزا و تنش خشکی در گیاه همیشه بهار، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در آزمایشگاه تحقیقات گیاهی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد نیشابور انجام شد. میکوریزا در دو سطح (کاربرد و عدم کاربرد) به عنوان عامل اول و تنش خشکی در سه سطح (آبیاری بر اساس 100%، 75 و 50% ظرفیت زراعی) به ­عنوان عامل دوم در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان دادند که در شرایط تنش خشکی خصوصیات رشدی، نظیر ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد و سطح برگ، وزن تر و خشک ریشه و ساقه و میزان کلروفیل‌های a و b، در گیاهان میکوریزایی و غیرمیکوریزایی به­ طور معنی­ داری کاهش یافتند. اما کاربرد میکوریزا سبب افزایش پارامترهای رشدی و رنگیزه ­های فتوسنتزی در گیاهان میکوریزایی نسبت به گیاهان غیرمیکوریزایی شد. میزان نسبی آب برگ، میزان فسفر و پتاسیم در اثر خشکی کاهش و مقدار پرولین افزایش یافتند. تلقیح با میکوریزا، میزان نسبی آب گیاه و میزان فسفر و پتاسیم گیاه را در شرایط تنش خشکی در مقایسه با گیاهان تلقیح نشده به­ طور معنی­ داری افزایش و مقدار پرولین را کاهش داد. نتایج نشان داد که تلقیح میکوریزایی همیشه بهار از طریق کمک به جذب آب و یون‌های معدنی سبب افزایش تحمل به خشکی آن می ­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تنش کم آبی؛ ظرفیت زراعی؛ میکوریزا؛ همزیستی؛ همیشه بهار

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