واکنش عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و غلظت عناصر غذایی زیره سبز (Cuminum cyminum L) به همزیستی با گونه‌های قارچ میکوریزا تحت تنش شوری

اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

مقاله 4، دوره 9، 4(36) زمستان، دی 1394، صفحه 545-560   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

مدینه بیژنی¹؛ پرویز یدالهی ده چشمه^{* 2}؛ مسلم حیدری³؛ مهدی قنواتی⁴

¹دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد آگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، ایران

²واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان، شهرکرد، ایران

³دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، ایران

⁴عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه پیام نور زاهدان، ایران

چکیده

به­ منظور بررسی تأثیر همزیستی میکوریزا در سطوح مختلف تنش شوری بر رشد، عملکرد و غلظت عناصر غذایی تجمع یافته در گیاه زیره سبز، آزمایشی به ­صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک ­های کامل تصادفی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه زابل در سال 1392 انجام شد. تیمارها شامل آبیاری با آب شور در سه سطح (1 [شاهد]، 5 و 10 دسی­ زیمنس بر متر) به ­عنـوان عـامل اصلـی و همـــزیستی با سه گونه ­ی میکوریزا (Glomus intraradices,hoiG. ،G.etanicatum) و بدون قارچ به عنوان عامل فرعی بودند. تاثیر تنش شوری بر تمام خصوصیات مورد مطالعه به جز تعداد چتر در بوته معنی ­دار بود، به ­طوری­ که تنش شدید (10 دسی­ زیمنس بر متر) وزن هزار دانه، تعداد دانه در چتر، فسفر، کلسیم و منیزیم دانه را به ­ترتیب 17.71 ، 11.40، 14.95، 46.08 و 13.60 درصد نسبت به شاهد کاهش داد. با کاربرد قارچ‌های میکوریزا، بیشترین تعداد دانه در چتر و فسفر دانه به ­ترتیب با 28.4 و 54.4 % افزایش نسبت به عدم شاهد در گونه G. intraradices و تعداد چتر در بوته با میانگین 9.7 عدد در گونه G. etanicatum حاصل شد. آغشته کردن گیاه با گونه­ های قارچ­ میکوریزا بر میزان کلسیم، منیزیم و وزن هزار دانه تاثیر معنی­ داری نداشت. اثر متقابل میکوریزا و تنش شوری بر غلظت سدیم، پتاسم، و نسبت Na/K و همچنین عملکرد دانه و تعداد دانه در بوته معنی ­دار بود. در بین سه گونه قارچ مورد استفاده در شرایط تنش شدید (10 دسی ­زیمنس بر متر)، گونه G. intraradices عملکرد دانه و تعداد دانه در بوته را به­ ترتیب 28.5 و 47.6 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش داد. لذا، می‌توان چنین بیان داشت که همزیستی میکوریزایی اغلب منجر به بهبود حرکت آب به داخل گیاه میزبان می‌گردد و گیاهان تحت رژیم‌های مختلف شوری وابستگی زیادی به میکوریزا جهت افزایش عملکرد دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تنش؛ عملکرد دانه؛ گیاه دارویی؛ همزیستی

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