مروری بر اهمیت سیلیس در گیاهان " جذب، انتقال و تأثیر آن بر تنش مواد معدنی در شرایط اسیدی"

یافته های نوین کشاورزی

مقاله 4، دوره 10، شماره 2 (زمستان 1394) 38، بهمن 1394، صفحه 119-142   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

پیمان زندی^{* 1}؛ سایکات کومار باسو²؛ ریلیان جینگ¹

¹مؤسسه علوم گیاهی ،آکادمی علوم کشاورزی چین، پکن، جمهوری خلق چین

²گروه علوم زیستی، دانشگاه لتبریج، لتبریج، کانادا

چکیده

سیلیس (Si) به عنوان یک عنصر سودمند برای بسیاری از گونه های گیاهی بویژه در شرایط تنش شناخته شده است. در گذشته تحقیقات زیادی در جهت تعیین مکانیزم های درگیر در جذب و انتقال سیلیس توسط گیاهان آوندی صورت پذیرفته است. تحقیقات گسترده نشان داده اند سیلیس می تواند تنش های معدنی مختلفی را در گیاهان رشد یافته در شرایط اسیدی شامل سمیت منگنز و آلومینیوم به همراه کمبود فسفر کاهش دهد. همچنین در شرایط خاک های قلیایی، سیلیس از طریق رسوب گذاری در آندودرم واگزودرم ریشه گیاهان جذب آپوپلاستی سدیم راکاهش داده و منتج به افزایش نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم (برقراری یک حالت تعادل) و در نهایت کاهش فشار تنش قلیایی می شود. تا به حال 4 ناقل سیلیس شناسایی شده و اطلاعات بسیار اندکی در خصوص واکنش این ناقلین در شرایط تنش موجود می باشد. لذا تحقیقات در این زمینه جهت روشن نمودن ارتباط بین این ناقلین و فواید سیلیس برای گیاهانی که در معرض تنش مواد معدنی قرار گرفته اند لازم و ضروری به نظر می رسد. شواهد و قرائن ارائه شده نشان می دهند فراهمی سیلیس و انباشت بعدی آن بر بافت های گیاهی می تواند به عنوان یک استراتژی جهت ارتقای بهره وری زراعی در خاک های اسیدی بکار گرفته شود. این مقاله یافته های اخیر را در مورد تأثیر جذب و انتقال سیلیس (Si) بر روی تنش معدنی در شرایط اسیدی به طور خلاصه بررسی می کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

سیلیس؛ ناقلین؛ محدودیت فسفر؛ سمیت آلومینیوم و منگنز؛ اسیدیته خاک

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