Assessment the Effect of Different Planting Pattern (Rice-Wheat, Corn-Wheat) and Growth Stage on Soil Chemical Properties

Journal of Crop Nutrition Science

مقاله 5، دوره 1، Issue 3-4، اسفند 2015، صفحه 40-53   

نویسندگان

Mahsa Nikobakht؛ Khoshnaz Payandeh^* ؛ Ali Gholami

Department of Soil Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.

چکیده

Conducting research on monitoring contaminated fields by heavy metals is necessary in order to achieve sustainable agriculture, increase product quality and keep public health. This study was carried out using split plot experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications during 2014-2015 in Shavor Agricultural Research Center in order to evaluate the effect of cropping systems and different growth stages on arsenic content and other chemical properties of conventional cultivation. The main factor consisted of planting pattern at two levels (rice-wheat and corn-wheat), and the sub-factor included different growth stages in three levels (Tillering, flowering, and maturity). The results of the analysis of variance showed that the effect of cultivation system on concentration of arsenic, cationic exchange capacity, electrical conductivity, soil organic matter, phosphorus concentrations, pH, and concentration of soil lime was significant at 1% level. The effect of different growth stages on all traits except of electrical conductivity (at 5% level) was non-significant. The interaction effects of the treatment on all traits were non significant. According mean comparison rice-wheat cropping system had more arsenic concentration (8.68 mg.kg^-1) than corn-wheat cropping system (6.73 mg.kg^-1). Comparison of different growth stages showed that soil electrical conductivity decreased over time; therefore, the lowest concentration was found in maturity stage (2.62 ds.m^-1) that was affected by continuous irrigation. Arsenic and phosphorus are absorbed via similar system by plants because of they are analog; so low concentration of phosphorus and high concentration of arsenic lead to the activation of the absorption system which results in increased absorption of arsenic compared to phosphorus. Finally use of phosphorus fertilizers based soil test is recommended according standard of soil and water Institute. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

Arsenic؛ Phosphate Fertilizer؛ Ripening؛ Rotation

مراجع

Adriano, D. C. 2001. Trace elements in terrestrial environments: biogeochemistry, bioavailability and risks of metals, 2^nd Ed. Springer Publication. New York. USA. 97 pp.

Alloway, B. J. 1990. Heavy metal in soils. John Wiley and Sons. Inc. New York. USA. 339 pp.

Azimzadeh, B. and H. Khademi. 2012. Estimation of background concentration of selected heavy metals for pollution assessment of surface soils of Mazandaran province, Iran. J. Water and Soil. 27(3): 548-559. (Abstract in English)

Bahmanyar, M. A. 2008. Cadmium, nickel, chromium, and lead levels in soils and vegetables under long-term irrigation with industrial wastewater. Soil Sci. Plant Analysis J. 39: 2068-2079.

Binggan, W. and Y. Linsheng. 2010. A review of heavy metal contaminations in urban soils, urban road dusts and agricultural soils from China. Micro-chemical J. 94: 99–107.

Blackmore, L. C., P. L. Searle. and B. K. Daly. 1987. Methods for chemical analysis of soils. NZ Soil Bureau, Lower Hutt. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. New Zealand. 105 pp.

Bustingorri, C. and R. S. Lavado. 2014. Soybean as affected by high concentrations of arsenic and fluoride in irrigation water in controlled conditions. Agri. Water Manage. J. 144: 134–139.

Chambers, B. J., F. A. Nicholson, D. R. Soloman. and R. Unwin. 1998. Heavy metals loadings from animal manures to agricultural land in England and Wales. In: J. Martinez (ed) Proc. of the FAO-Network on recycling agriculture, municipal and industrial residues in agriculture. Rennes. France. 45 pp.

Chen, X., Z. Shen, Y. Lei. and W. Wang. 2006. Enhanced electro kinetic remediation of Cd and Pb spiked soil coupled with cation exchange membrane. Aust. J. Soil Res. 44: 523-529.

Chen, Y. X., Y. F. He, Y. Yang, Y. L. Yu, S. J. Zhang, G. M. Tian, Y. M. Louo. and M. H. Wong. 2003. Effect of cadmium on nodulation and N₂-fixiation of soybean in contaminated soils. Chemosphere J. 50: 781-787.

Chen-Ming, L., C. M. Gengling. and G. L. Liu. 1994. Clay mineral composition, soil fertility and surface chemistry characteristics of quaternary red soils in southern Hunan province. Sci. Agric. Sin. J. 27: 24-30.

Dehghani, A., A. Fotovat, Gh. Haghnia. and P. Keshavarz. 2007. Salinity and cow manure on the concentration and distribution of zinc in the soil solution. J. Sci. Tech. Agri. Nat. Resource. 41: 53-60. (Abstract in English)

Dolgen, D., M. N. Alpaslan. and N. Delen. 2007. Agricultural recycling of treatment-plant sludge: A case study for a vegetable processing factory. J. Environ. Manage. 84: 274-281.

Ebrahimi. R., A. Maleki, B. Shahmoradi, H. Daraei, A. H. Mahvi, A. H. Barati. and A. Eslami. 2013. Elimination of arsenic contamination from water using chemically modified wheat straw. Desalination and Water Treatment J. 51: 2306–2316.

Ehyaee, A. 1993. Description of chemical soil methods. Technical Bulletin Number 893. Soil and Water Research Institute. Tehran. Iran. 48 pp. (Abstract in English)

Fritz, J. and W. Wenzel. 2002. Arsenic transformations in the soil rhizosphere plant system: fundamentals and potential application to phyto-remediation. J. Bio. Tech. 99(3): 259–278.

Gee, G. W. and J. W. Bauder. 1986. Particle-size analysis. p. 383-411. In: A. Klute (ed.) Method of Soil Analysis. Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. 2^nd Ed. Agron. Monogr. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI. USA.

Hezbullah, M., S. Sultana, S. R. Chakraborty. and M. I. Patwary. 2016. Heavy metal contamination of food in a developing country like Bangladesh: An emerging threat to food safety. J. Toxicology and Environ. Health Sci. 8(1): 1-5.

Hudson-Edwards, K. A., S. L. Houghton. and A. Osborn. 2004. Extraction and analysis of arsenic in soils and sediments. Trends in Analytical Chemistry J. 23: 745-752.

JECFA, 2000. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants, Fifty-third Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, WHO technical report series 896. WHO. Geneva. Switzerland. 136 pp.

Kardan, A. 2011. The effect of organic fertilizers on increasing the uptake of arsenic in soil contaminated by arsenic cress. Proc. 1^st National Conf. Agriculture in difficult environmental conditions, Islamic Azad University, Ramhormoz Branch, Iran. (Abstract in English)

Karimi, N., M. Pormehr. and H. R. Ghasempour. 2015. Interactive effects of arsenic and phosphorus on their uptake by wheat varieties with different arsenic and phosphorus soil treatments. Proc. Int. Acad. Ecol. Environ. Sci. 5(1): 25-37.

Kirkham, M. B. 2006. Cadmium in plants on polluted soils: Effects of soil factors, hyper accumulation and amendments. Geoderma. J. 137: 19-32.

Khan-Mirzaei, A., K. Bazargan, A. Moezi. and K. Shahbazi. 2012. The relation-ship between chemical figures of soil cadmium and its concentration in wheat grain in some soils of Khuzestan. Soil Res. J. 26(4): 347-357. (Abstract in English)

Khoshgoftarmanesh, A. H. and M. Kalbasi. 2012. Residual effects of leaching on soil properties and yield growth. J. Sci. Tech. Agri. Nat. Resources, Soil and Water. 3(21): 141-150. (Abstract in English)

Kohianafzal, M. T. 2004. Arsenic uptake by five kinds of vegetables in natural soil and a soil treated with this element. Msc. Thesis of Soil Science, Isfahan University of Technology. 116 pp. (Abstract in English)

Ladan, A. 2010. Checking the remediation of soils contaminated with arsenic by both the leaf and plant ornamental cabbage. Msc. Thesis. Faculty of Agriculture. Tarbiat Modarres University of Tehran. 125 pp. (Abstract in English)

Lee, J. T. and W. C. Yu. 2012. Evaluation of legume growth in arsenic-polluted acidic soils with various pH values. J. Sustainable Water. 2: 13–23.

Liu, Q. J., C. M. Zheng, C. X. Hu, Q. L. Tan, X. C. Sun. and J. J. Su. 2012. Effects of high concentrations of soil arsenic on the growth of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) and rape (Brassica napus L.). Plant, Soil and Environ. J. 58(1): 22–27.

Maejima, Y., T. Makino, H. Takano, T. Kamiya, N. Sekiya. and T. Itou. 2007. Remediation of cadmium-contaminated paddy soils by washing with chemicals: Effect of soil washing on cadmium uptake by soybean. Chemosphere J. 67: 748-754.

Mahimairaja, S., N. S. Bolan. and D. C. Adriano. 2005. Arsenic Contaminate and its risk management in complex environmental settings. Adv. Agron. J. 86: 1-82.

Malakoti, M. J., A. Baybordi. and S. J. Tabatabaee. 2005. Optimum use of fertilizer to improve quality and reduced pollutant in vegetable production. Iran Agric. Ministry. 338 pp. (Abstract in English)

Mandal, B. K. and K. T. Suzuky. 2002. Arsenic round the world: a review. Talanta J. 58: 201-235.

Marchner, H. 2003. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic press, London. 121 pp.

Mc-Bride, M. B., B. K. Richards, T. Steenhuis, J. J. Russo. and S. Sauve. 1997. Mobility and solubility of toxic metals and nutrients in soil fifteen years after sludge application. Soil Sci. J.162: 487-500.

Muhling, K. H. and A. Lauchli. 2003. Interaction of NaCl and Cd stress on compartmentation pattern of cations, antioxidant enzymes and protein in leaves of two wheat genotypes differing in salt tolerance. Plant and Soil. J. 253: 219–231.

Nolan, A. L., H. Zhang. and M. J. Mc-Laughlin. 2005. Prediction of zinc, cadmium, lead, and copper availability to wheat in contaminated soils using chemical speciation, diffusive gradient in thin films, extraction, and isotopic dilution techniques. J. Environ. Qual. 34: 496-507.

Olsen, S. R. and L. E. Sommers. 1982. Phosphorus. p. 403-430. In: A.L. Page, R.H. Miller, andD.R. Keeney (eds.) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part II. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2^nd Ed. Agron. Monogr. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI. USA.

Otones, V., E. Alvarez-Ayus, A. Garcia Sanchez, I. Santa Regina. and A. Murciego. 2011. Mobility and phyto-availability of arsenic in an abandoned mining area. Geoderma. J. 166: 153-16.

Page, A. L., R. H. Miller. and D. R. Keeney. 1982. Methods of soil analysis, Part 2: Chemical and biological properties, Second edition, Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. Publication. USA.

Reichmans, M. 2007. The potential use of the legume – rhizobium symbiosis for the remediation of arsenic contaminated sites. Soil Biol. Bio-chem. J. 39: 2587-2593.

Shalikar, O. H., Sh. Ayoubi, F. Khormali. and Gh. Nasrabadi. 2009. Assessment of soil quality indicators in different rice rotation systems in Dasht-Sar district, Amol, Mazandaran Province. J. Agric. Sci. Nat. Res. 15(6): 81-92. (Abstract in English)

Smith, E., R. Naidu. and A. M. Alston. 1998. Arsenic in the soil environment: a review. Adv. Agron. J. 64: 149-195.

Smith, S. E., H. M. Christophersen, S. Pope. and F. A. Smith. 2010. Arsenic uptake and toxicity in plants: Integrating mycorrhizal influences. Plant Soil J. 327: 1–21.

Sumner, M. E. and W. P. Miller. 1996. Cation exchange capacity and exchange coefficients. p.1201-1229. In: D.L. Sparks (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part III. Chemical Methods. No. 5. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI. USA.

Talano, M. A., R. B. Cejas, P. S. Gonzalez. and E. Agostini. 2013. Arsenic effect on the model crop symbiosis Brady rhizobium soybean. Plant Physiol. Bio-chem. J. 63: 8–14.

Tu, C. and L. Q. Ma. 2004. Comparison of arsenic uptake and distribution in arsenic hyper accumulator Pteris vittata and non-hyper accumulator Nephrolepis exaltata. J. Plant Nut. 27: 1227–1242.

Walkley, A. and I. A. Black. 1934. An examination method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. J. 37: 29-38.

Wang, M. and Q. Zhou. 2005. Single and joint toxicity of chlorimuron-ethyl, cadmium, and copper acting on wheat Triticum aestivum. Eco-toxicology and Environ. Safety J. 60: 169–175.

Williams, S. E. and A. G. Wollum. 1981. Effect of Cadmium on soil bacteria and action-mycetes. J. Environ. Qual. 10: 142-147.

World Health Organization (WHO). 2008. Guidelines for drinking water quality recommendations. Vol. 1. 3^d Edition. Geneva. Switzerland. pp: 158-166.

Woolson, E. A., J. H. Alexy. and P. C. Kearney. 1971. The chemistry and phyto-toxicity of arsenic in soils: I. contaminated field soils. Soil. Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 35: 230-239.

Yadav, S. K. 2009. Heavy metals toxicity in plants: An overview on the role of glutathione and phyto-chelatins in heavy metal stress tolerance of plants. South African J. Botany. 76: 167-179.