بررسی عوامل موثر بر اشتغال زنان با تاکید بر استفاده از ICT

زن و مطالعات خانواده

مقاله 5، دوره 9، شماره 34، اسفند 1395، صفحه 73-94   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

منیره دیزجی¹؛ آرش کتابفروش بدری²

¹استادیار، گروه اقتصاد، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران

²دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد پولی، گروه اقتصاد، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران

چکیده

یکی از مسائل مهمی که در دهه های اخیر مورد توجه بوده، بحث اشتغال نیروی کار به ویژه اشتغال زنان است. جوامع مختلف در جستجوی راه هایی برای افزایش اشتغال و بهره گیری بهتر از منابع انسانی در دسترس خود هستند و در این راستا تکنولوژی های جدید نقش مهمی را ایفا می کنند. در سال های اخیر بکارگیری ICT (فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات) ابعاد مختلف زندگی بشری را متاثر ساخته و تحولات شگرفی را در بعد اقتصادی و اجتماعی به وجود آورده است. ICT آثار گسترده­ای بر نوع ساختار کار و اشتغال دارد که در همه ی سطوح اشتغال را دست خوش تغییر و تحولات زیادی کرده است. این فناوری بر ساختار مشاغل نیز تاثیر گذاشته و ماهیت مشاغل در جوامع را از طریق کاهش متوسط سختی کار، فکری تر شدن، ناپایدارتر شدن و تخصصی تر شدن مشاغل، متحول کرده است. در این راستا هدف مطالعه حاضر بررسی عوامل موثر بر اشتغال زنان با تاکید بر بهره گیری از ICT در 20 کشور منتخب OECD در بازه ی زمانی 2000 تا 2014 با استفاده از مدل داده های تابلویی است. نتایج برآورد نشان می دهد که ICT اثر مثبت و معنی داری بر اشتغال زنان در کشورهای مورد بررسی داشته است. همچنین متغیرهای مخارج سلامت و بهداشت، تولید ناخالص داخلی سرانه و مخارج آموزش نیز اثر مثبت و معنی دار بر اشتغال زنان داشته اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات؛ اشتغال زنان؛ کشورهایOECD؛ داده های تابلویی طبقه بندی JEL: C23؛ E24؛ D83

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