اثربخشی آموزش مهارت حل مسأله بر استرس

دانش و پژوهش در روان شناسی کاربردی

مقاله 5، دوره 15، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 57، دی 1393، صفحه 46-54   

نویسندگان

محسن شکوهی یکتا^{* 1}؛ اکرم پرند¹؛ سعید اکبری زردخانه²

¹عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه تهران

²دانشجوی دکتری سنجش و اندازه گیری دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

 هدف از مطالعۀ حاضر ارزیابی اثربخشی آموزش مهارت حل مسأله بر کاهش استرس‌های والدینی و سبک فرزندپروری آنان است. روش پژوهش شبه‌تجربی با طرح پیش‌آزمون ـ پس‌آزمون تک‌گروهی است. جامعۀ
آماری را والدین دانش‌آموزان مدارس غیرانتفاعی شهر تهران تشکیل می‌دادند که از بین
آنها والدین 33دانش‌آموز به شیوۀ در دسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش دو پرسشنامۀ
میزان استرس‌های والدین (شکوهی‌یکتا و پرند، 1386 ب) و روش‌های
فرزندپروری (شکوهی‌یکتا و پرند، 1386) بودند. والدین در کارگاههای آموزشی
تربیت کودک اندیشمند شرکت کردند. والدین در این کارگاهها در زمینۀ استفاده از روش
حل‌ مسأله برای تغییر فرایند شناختی خود در رویارویی با رفتارهای چالش‌برانگیز کودکان و
واکنش مناسب نسبت به رفتار کودکان خود آموزش دیدند. کارگاهها به مدت 10 جلسۀ
دوساعته و یک روز در هفته برگزار می‌شدند. از والدین توسط پرسشنامه‌ها قبل از شروع کارگاه، پیش‌آزمون و همچنین در پایان دورۀ آموزشی پس‌آزمون
گرفته شد. نتایج تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیری (55/0=2η، 05/0P < ) نشان داد که
آموزش در بهبود 3 مؤلفه تنبیه و توبیخ، توصیۀ بدون توضیح و حل مسأله تأثیر معناداری داشته است. لذا می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که از آموزش حل مسأله به والدین به‌عنوان
شیوه‌ای برای بهبود روش‌های تربیتی آنان در تربیت کودکان می‌توان استفاده کرد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

استرس والدینی؛ سبک فرزندپروری؛ مهارت‌های حل مسأله

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