تأثیر استرس القایی بر میزان خطای حافظه فعال دیداری نسبت به محرک‌های هیجانی ـ غیرهیجانی

دانش و پژوهش در روان شناسی کاربردی

مقاله 9، دوره 15، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 58، فروردین 1393، صفحه 88-101   

نویسندگان

زهرا خیر¹؛ وحید نجاتی^{* 2}؛ جلیل فتح آبادی²

¹دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی روان‌شناسی دانشگاه اصفهان

²دانشیار دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

هدف این پژوهش، بررسی اثر استرس بر میزان خطای حافظه فعال دیداری محرک‌های هیجانی و غیرهیجانی بود. این پژوهش از نوع آزمایشی با طرح پس‌آزمون ـ گروه کنترل بود. 60 دانشجو با روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند و براساس گمارش تصادفی در یکی ازگروههای آزمایش یا کنترل قرار گرفتند. فرایند القای استرس به کمک آزمون ارزیابی اجتماعی فشارزای آب سرد (SCPT) صورت پذیرفت و بلافاصله میزان فشارادراک شده براساس یک مقیاس 100 درجه‌ای اندازه‌گیری وشاخص‌های فیزیولوژیک آزمودنی ثبت گردید. سپس ازآزمون (n-back) (کریشنر، 1958) برای ارزیابی حافظه فعال دیداری استفاده شد. در نهایت میزان تلاش ذهنی در مقیاسی دیگر (زیجلسترا، 1993) ثبت گردید. شرکت‌کنندگان به شیوه درون‌گروهی مراحل فوق را تکمیل کردند. داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون t همبسته و تحلیل واریانس دوراهه مختلط تحلیل شد. براساس یافته‌ها، میزان خطای حذف برای محرک‌های هیجانی بیشتر از محرک‌های غیرهیجانی و انتخاب اشتباه محرک‌های منفی (01/0P= ) بیشتر از انتخاب اشتباه محرک‌های مثبت (001/0P= ) بود. میزان خطای حذف در مردان (10M=) بیشتر از زنان (23/9M=) بود. به نظر می‌رسد که عملکرد حافظه فعال دیداری تحت استرس به‌ویژه در محرک‌های منفی همانند حالت عادی نیست. به‌طور کلی، استرس با ایجاد اختلال در عملکرد حافظه فعال دیداری منجر به افزایش میزان خطا در تکلیف یادآوری محرک ارایه شده می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

استرس؛ حافظه فعال دیداری؛ میزان خطا؛ محرک‌های هیجانی و غیرهیجانی

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