پیش‌بینی پذیرش اعتیاد دانشجویان براساس احساسات خودکارآمدی و حمایت اجتماعی آنان

دانش و پژوهش در روان شناسی کاربردی

مقاله 4، دوره 17، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 64، شهریور 1395، صفحه 36-44   

نویسندگان

سعید اکبری زردخانه^{* 1}؛ سعید زندی²

¹عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

²کارشناسی ارشد مشاوره خانواده، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف از این پژوهش بررسی نقش پیش‌بینی‌کنندگی خودکارآمدی و حمایت اجتماعی در پذیرش اعتیاد دانشجویان بود. این مطالعه از نظر هدف جزء مطالعات بنیادی و از نظر شیوۀ گردآوری داده‌ها از نوع مطالعات توصیفی پس‌رویدادی بود. تعداد 296 دانشجو (153 دختر و 147 پسر) از بین دانشجویان دانشگاه تهران و با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای انتخاب و از آنها خواسته شد، پرسشنامه‌های حمایت اجتماعی (زیمت، داهلم، زیمت و فارلی، 1988)، خودکارآمدی (شوآتزر و جورازلم، 1995) و پذیرش اعتیاد (وید، باچر، بن پورات و مک‌کنا، 1992) را تکمیل کنند. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل رگرسیون گام‌به‌گام نشان داد خودکارآمدی و حمایت اجتماعی کلی چهار درصد از واریانس پذیرش اعتیاد را تبیین می‌کنند (003/0=P < /span>). در ضمن از مؤلفه‌های حمایت اجتماعی، حمایت از جانب خانواده 6 درصد از واریانس پذیرش اعتیاد را تبیین می‌کند (006/0=P < /span>)؛ در صورتی که دیگر مؤلفه‌های حمایت اجتماعی دوستان و افراد مهم در این پیش‌بینی نقش معناداری را نشان ندادند؛ بنابراین، به نظر می‌رسد که در پیشگیری از اعتیاد، تمرکز بیشتر بر رویکردهای خانواده‌محور و فردمدار در مقایسه با رویکرد‌های اجتماعی مؤثرتر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پذیرش اعتیاد؛ حمایت اجتماعی؛ خودکارآمدی؛ دانشجویان

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