بهبود عملکرد سویا (Glycine max L.) با محلول‌پاشی اوره در مراحل رشدی

اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

مقاله 8، دوره 11، 2(42) تابستان، مرداد 1396، صفحه 345-362   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

نویسنده

محمود توحیدی^*

عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد دزفول

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر محلول­پاشی نیتروژندر مراحل مختلف رشد سویا، این آزمایش در تابستان سال 1393 در شهرستان شوش، شمال استان خوزستان به صورت کرت­های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصـادفی در سـه تکرار اجـرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش در چهار سطح کودی شامل شاهد (بدون محلول­پاشی نیتروژن)، 25، 50 و 75 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار از منبع کود اوره (46 درصد نیتروژن خالص) به­عنوان کرت اصلی و زمان محلول­پاشی در مراحل مختلف رشد در سه سطح شامل مرحله رویشی، مرحله گلدهی و مرحله غلاف­دهی به­عنوان کرت فرعی بودند. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس داده­های آماری نشان داد که صفات مورد بررسی در این آزمایش از قبیل شاخص سطح برگ، تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، شاخص برداشت، درصد و عملکرد پروتئین در واکنش به تیمارهای محلول­پاشی نیتروژن، مراحل مختلف رشد و برهمکنش سطوح مختلف محلول­پاشی نیتروژن در مراحل مختلف رشد، تحت تاثیر معنی­داری قرار گرفتند. درصد روغن و عملکرد روغن فقط تحت تاثیر تیمارهای میزان محلول­پاشی نیتروژن و مراحل مختلف رشد اثر معنی­دار شد در حالی که اثر برهمکنش سطوح مختلف محلول­پاشی نیتروژن و مراحل مختلف رشد بر درصد و عملکرد روغن معنی­دار نبود. در این آزمایش محلول­پاشی نیتروژن عملکرد دانه را افزایش داد، به طوری­که بیشترین میزان عملکرد دانه با 2466 کیلوگرم در هکتار مربوط به تیمار 50 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار به­صورت محلول­پاشی در مرحله­ی رشد رویشی و کمترین میزان عملکرد دانه با 1295 کیـلوگرم در هکتار مربوط به تیمار شــاهد (بدون محلول­پاشی نیتروژن) در مرحله غلاف­دهی بود. به طورکلی، نتایج نشان داد که تیمار 50 کیلوگرم در هکتار به صورت محلول­پاشی در مرحله­ی رشد رویشی را می­توان به عنوان بهترین گزینه مدیریت محلول­پاشی نیتروژن برای سویا در نظر گرفت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

سویا؛ محلول‌پاشی؛ مرحله رشد؛ نیتروژن

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