Management of Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers of Caspian Sea

Anthropogenic Pollution

مقاله 5، دوره 2، شماره 1، اردیبهشت 2018، صفحه 48-58   

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/ap.2018.538412

نویسنده

Mehdi Nezhadnaderi

Department of Civil Engineering, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University.

چکیده

                 As result of density difference between seawater and fresh water in coastal aquifers, a transition zone between two fluids is formed. A wedge of saltwater can be entered in coastal areas to the aquifer. Seawater intrusion rate and extent of transition zone depends on several factors including: changes in sea level, aquifer characteristics, hydrologic conditions of upstream, discharging from the aquifer, tidal and seasonal fluctuations of sea water.
In this paper height of interface between seawater and freshwater in Mazandaran coastal aquifers is calculated by relationships that have been used in previous researches. Then Babol– Amol aquifer has reviewed by using of existing data in Water Company of Mazandaran and past researches. According to the available information, the development of exploitation of three zones (Alashroud to Haraz, Haraz to Babolroud and Babolroud to Talar river in Amol- Babol aquifer in south of Caspian Sea) for distances less than 2000 m to sea is possible in the Haraz to Alash river. The total amount of water from this study to can be discharged in the three regions is 505 million cubic meters, based on available data. According to statistics, 458 million cubic meters of these three areas are allowed to be discharged. Therefore, taking into account the withdrawal of unallowable wells, it can be assumed that the saltwater intrusion has more than 2000 meters to the coast. The results of this study are based on the hydrodynamic parameters of the aquifer for the past 9 years and seawater intrusion may be aggravated by climate change and hydrodynamic parameters change of in this aquifer. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully study hydrodynamic parameters of this aquifer.

کلیدواژه‌ها

: seawater intrusion؛ water resources management؛ Groundwater؛ Saline؛ interface line from sea level

مراجع

Bear, J. and A.H.-D. Cheng. (1999) ''An overview, Chap. 1, In Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers--- Concepts, Methods, and Practices'', eds. J.

Bear, A.H.-D. Cheng, S. Sorek D. Ouazar and I. Herrera, Kluwer, 1-8. Ghyben, W. B. (1889) "Nota in Verband Met de Woorgenomen Putboring Nabij Amesterdam". Tijdschrift van Let Koninklijk Inst. Van Ing. B. Herzberg. "Die Wasserversorgung einiger Nordseebader". Jour. Gasbeleuchtung and Wasserversorgung, 44, 815- 819, 842-884-

Mumich. 1992. Gorelick. S.M. (1983). "A Review of Distributed Parameter Groundwater Management Modeling Methods". Water Resour. Res., 19, 305-319. Yeh, W.W.-G. (1986). "Review of Parameter Identification Procedures In Groundwater Hydrology: The inverse Problem", Water Resour. Res., 22, 95-108.

Loaiciga, H. A. and R.B. Leipnik. (2000). "Closed –Form for Coastal aquifer Management", J. Water Resour, Planning Management, ASCE, 126, 30-35.

Zhi-yao S., H. Xuan-jun, Z. Hong-gui, C. Xi-qing, and K. Jun, (2008). "One-Dimensional Unsteady Analytical Solution of Salinity Intrusion in Estuaries". China Ocean Engineering journal.

Xiang-ju C., Z.Wei, G. Zhen-ren, and Y. Li-rong (2012). "A Modeling Study on Saltwater Intrusion to Western Four Watercourses in the Pearl River Estuary", China Ocean Engineering journal, (4): 575- 590.

Sharif M., A. R. Kacimov, A. Javadi, and A.Ebraheem (2012) "Modeling Groundwater Flow and Seawater Intrusion in the Coastal Aquifer of Wadi Ham, UAE". Water Resources Management. February.

Strack O.D.L. (1976) "A Single-Potential Solution for Regional Interface Problems in Coastal Aquifers, Water Resour Res., 12, 1165-1174. Mazandaran map. From available site: http://www.maphill.com/iran/mazandaran/maps/physical-map/.

Fatemi E., Ataie-Ashtiani B., (2008) "Simulation of Seawater Intrusion Effect on Contaminant transport in coastal aquifer of Tallar", 4th National Congress of Civil Engineering, Tehran university in Iran.