Factor Analysis of Seed Yield, Its Components and Oil Content of Corn Genotypes Affected Nitroxin Fertilizer

Journal of Crop Nutrition Science

مقاله 5، دوره 3، شماره 3، آذر 2017، صفحه 49-60   

نویسندگان

Anise Jorfi^{* 1}؛ Mojtaba Alavi Fazel²؛ Adel Modhej³

¹Young Researchers and Elite Club, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.

²Department of Agronomy, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.

³Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran.

چکیده

Fertilizer management is essential for achieving sustainable agriculture and protecting the environment. To evaluate the effect of Nitroxin bio-fertilizer application on quantitative and qualitative traits of corn hybrids a farm research was arranged via split plot experiment based on the randomized complete block design with four replications in 2013. Main plots were Included: use of the chemical and biological fertilizers in four levels (F₁: 100% urea + 0% Nitroxin; F₂:75% urea + 100% Nitroxin; F₃:50% urea + 100% Nitroxin; F₄: 25% urea + 100% Nitroxin) and the sub plots consisted three maize hybrids (H₁: Single Cross 704, H₂: Mobin, H₃: Karoun). According result of analysis of variance effect of fertilizer treatments on seed yield,100 seed weight, number of seed per unit area and oil yield was significant at 1% probability level, but effect of hybrid on all measured traits (instead oil percentage and oil yield) was significant. Also interaction effect of treatments on all measured traits (instead number of rows per ear) was significant. The mean comparison results indicated that the highest seed yield and 100 seed weight was belonged to 50% urea with 100% Nitroxin application treatment, also between different hybrids the highest seed yield and 100 seed weight belonged to Karoun. Interaction effect of treatments revealed the treatments of chemical fertilizer (50%) +biological fertilizer (100%) + single cross 701 (Karoun) had highest seed yield and can be advised to farmers. According to result of factor analysis five independent factors justify 98.5% of the data changes and the number of seed per row and number of seed per area was positively correlated with seed yield and the difference in yield among the studied populations was mainly due to the diversity of number of seed per area.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Biofertilizer؛ Hybrid؛ Maize؛ nitrogen

مراجع

Abou El-Magd, M. M., A. M. El-Bassiony. and Z. F. Fawzy. 2006. Effect of organic manure with or without chemical fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of some varieties of broccoli plants. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 2(10): 791-798.

Ahmad, A. G., S. Orabi. and A. Gaballah. 2010. Effect of Bio-N-P Fertilizer on the growth, yield and some biochemical component of two Sunflower cultivars. Intl. J. Academic Res. 4(2): 271-277.

Azimi, S. M., A. Farnia, M. Shaban. and M. Lak. 2013. Effect of different biofertilizers on Seed yield of barley (Hurdeom vulgar L.), Bahman cultivar. Intl. J. Adv. Biol. Biomedical Res. 1(5): 538-546.

Bahamin, S., M. Sohrab, A. B. Mohammad, K. T. Behroz. and A. Qorbanali. 2014. Effect of bio-fertilizer, manure and chemical fertilizer on yield and reproductive characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Intl. J. Res. Agric. Environ. Sci. 3(1): 36-43.

Boateng, S. A., J. Zickermann. and M. Kornahrens. 2006. Poultry manure effect on growth and yield of maize. West Afr. J. Appl. Ecol. 9: 1-11.

Bremner, J. M. and G. A. Breitenbeck. 1983. A simple method for determination of ammonium in semi micro Kjeldahl analysis of soils and plant materials using a block digester. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 14: 905-913.

Cardoso, I. and T. W. Kuyper. 2006. Mycorrhizas and tropical soil fertility. J. Agri. EcoSys. Environ. 116: 72-84.

Corke, H. and L. W. Kannenberg. 1989. Selection for vegetative phase and actual filling period duration in short season maize. Crop Sci. 29: 607-612.

Cox, W. J. and D. J. R. Cherney. 2005. Timing corn forage harvest forbunker silos. Agron. J. 97:142-146.

Eidy Zadeh, Kh., A. Damghani Mahdavi, E. Ebrahimpur. and H. Sabahi. 2012. Effects of amount andmethod organic fertilizers combinedwith the chemical fertilizer applicationon yield and yield components ofmaize. E. J. Crop Prod. 4(3): 35-21 (Abstract in English)

Elanwar, H., O. Sheekh, A. Naggar. and F. Saly. 2010. Effect of two species of cyano bacteria as bio fertilizers on some metabolic activities, growth, and yield of pea plant. Biol. Fertil Soil. 46: 861–875.

El-Kholy, M., A. S. El-Ashry. and A. M. Gomaa. 2005. Bio-fertilization of maize crop and its impact on yield and seeds nutrient content under low rats of mineral fertilizers. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 1(2): 117-121.

Erickson, A. 2006. Changing the conversation about high fructose corn syrup. In: Corn refiners association. Washington. 4^th Edition.

Farokhi, Gh. and D. Eradatmand Asli. 2008. The effect of pyridoxine and different nitrogen levels on KSC 704 maize yield. Iranian J. Agron. Plant Breed. 4(1): 5-17. (Abstractin English)

Gardner, F. P., P. K. Valle. and D. E. McCloud. 1990. Yield characteristics of ancient races of maize compared to a modern hybrid. Agron. J. 89: 864-868.

Hassanpour, R., H. Pyrdshty, M. Ismaili. and A. Abbasids. 2011. Effects of nitrogen biological fertilizer on yield and yield components of sesame varieties. Proceedings of the11^th Cong. Agron. Plant Breed. 4^th August. Tehran. Iran. pp: 4217-4220. (Abstract in English)

Jorfi, A., 2014. Response of corn hybrids to biological and chemical nitrogen fertilizers under Shoushtar Region. Master's thesis. Islamic Azad University, Khuzestan. Science and Research Branch. 150 pp. (Abstract in English)

Mahfouz, S. A. and M. A. Sharaf-Eldin. 2007. Effect of mineral vs. biofertilizer on growth, yield and essential oil content of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Intl. Agro-Physics. 21: 361-366.

Mobasser, H. R. and A. Moradgholi. 2012. Mycorrhizal bio-fertilizer applications on yield seed corn varieties in Iran. Annals Biol. Res. 3(2):1109-1116.

Mohammed, A. S., M. A. AbdelMonem, H. E. Khalifa, M. Beider, I. A. El Ghandour. and Y. G. M. Galal. 2001. Using bio-fertilizers for maize production: response and economic return under different irrigation treatments. J. Sustainable Agri. 19: 41-48.

Nasser, K. H. and B. El-Gizawy. 2009. Effects of nitrogen rate and planting density on agronomic nitrogen efficiency and maize yields following wheat and faba bean. American-Eurasian J. Agri. Environ. Sci. 5: 378-386.

Naserirad, H., A. Soleymanifard. and R. Naseri. 2011. Effect of integratedapplication of bio-fertilizer on seedyield, yield components and associatedtraits of maize cultivars. American-Eurasian J. Agri. Environ. Sci. 10(2): 271-277.

Osborne, S. L., J. S. Schepper, D. D. Francis. and M. R. Schlemmer. 2002 .Use of spectral radiance to in– season biomass and seed yield in nitrogen and water-stressed corn. Crop Sci. 42: 165-171.

Ramazani, M., H. Samizadeh Lahiji, H. Ebrahimi Koulabi. and A. Kafi Ghasemi. 2008. Agronomic and morphologic analysis of maize hybrids via factor analysis in hammedan. J. Sci. Tech. Agri. Natural Res. 12(45):99-107. (Abstract in English)

Ram-Rao, D. M., J. Kodan-Daramaiah, M. P. Reddy, R. S. Katiyar. and V. K. Rahmathulla. 2007. Effectof VAM fungi and bacterial bio-fertilizerson mulberry leaf quality andsilk worm cocoon characters undersemiarid conditions. Caspian J. Environ. Sci. 5(2): 111-117.

Roshdi, M., S. Reza Doust. J. Khalili Mahale. and N. Hajy Hasani Asl. 2008. The effect of bio-fertilizers on oil yield and yield components of three sunflower cultivars. J. Agri. Sci. 9(11): 11-20.

Sajjadi Nik, R., A. Yadavi, H. R. Baloochi. and H. Faragi. 2011. Comparison effect of chemical fertilizer (urea), organic (vermicompost) and biofertilizer (nitroxin) on quantitative and quantitative yield of Sesame. J. Agri. Sci. Sust. Prod. 2(21): 88-101.

Saghir Khan, M., A. Zaidi. and A. Parvaze Wani. 2007. Role of phosphate-solubilizing micro organisms in sustainable agriculture, A review. Agron. Sustainable Development. Springer Verlag. Sci. 27(1): 29-43.

Sharifi, Z. and Gh. Haghnia. 2007. The effect of biological fertilizer of Nitroxinon yield and yield components ofwheat, Sabalan cultivar. 2^nd NationalConf. Ecol. Agric. Gorgan. Iran. 122 p. (Abstractin English)

Subbarao, C. H. V., G. Kartheek. and D. Sirisha. 2013. Slow Release of Potash Fertilizer Through Polymer Coating. Intl. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. 11(1): 25-30.

Sudhakar, P., G. N. Chattopadhyay, S. K. Gangwar. and J. K. Ghosh. 2000. Effect of foliar application of Azotobacter, Azospirillum and Beijerinckia on leaf yield and quality of mulberry (Morus alba). J. Agric. Sci. 134: 227–234.

Taher Khani, M. and A. Golchin. 2006. Effects of different levels of nitrogen and potassium on oil yield, grain quality and phosphorus and potassium uptake in SLM046 canola cultivar. New Sci. Agri. 2(3): 77-85.

Tahmasbi, D., R. Zarghami, A. V. Azghandi. and M. Chaichi. 2011. Effects of nano silver and nitroxin biofertilizer on yield and yield components of potato mini tubers. Intl. J. Agric. Biol. 13: 986–990.

Ugarte, C., D. F. Calderini. and G. A. Slafer. 2007. Seed weight and seed number responsiveness to pre-anthesis temperature in wheat, barley and triticale. Field Crops Res. 100: 240-248.

Venkatash-Warlu, B. 2008. Role of bio-fertilizers in organic farming: Organic farming in rain fed agriculture: Central institute for dry land agriculture. Hyderabad. Pakistan. pp: 85-95.

Verma, N. K. 2011. Integrated nutrient management in winter maize (Zea mays L.) sown at different dates. J. Plant Breed. Crop Sci. 3: 161-167.

Vessey, J. K. 2003. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as bio-fertilizers. J. Plant Soil. 255: 571-586.

Yasari, E., A. Esmaeli, A. M. Pirdashti. and S. Mozafari. 2008. Azotobacterand Azospirilluminoculants as bio-fertilizers in canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivation. Asian J. Plant Sci. 7(5): 490-494.