بررسی الگوی فضایی آسیب‌پذیری شهرها از زلزله و پیشنهاد الگوی بهینه (نمونه موردی: ‌شهر کرمانشاه)

فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی نگرش های نو در جغرافیای انسانی

مقاله 16، دوره 10، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 39، شهریور 1397، صفحه 265-284   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی استخراج ازرساله و پایان نامه

نویسنده

سهراب امیریان^*

استادیار گروه جغرافیای دانشگاه پیام نور

چکیده

چکیده
حوادث طبیعی بیش از پیش سکونتگاه­های انسانی به­ویژه شهرهای بزرگ را با خطر بحران روبرو ساخته است. از یک سو، رشد شتابان شهرنشینی سبب بارگذاری و تراکم بیش از اندازه جمعیت، دارایی­ها، تأسیسات زیربنایی، منابع تولیدی و خدماتی در شهرها شده و از سوی دیگر، عدم رعایت ظرفیت­ها و استانداردها در ساخت­و­سازها و در برنامه­ریزی و طراحی شهری باعث آسیب‌پذیر­شدن شهرها شده است. از این رو، این پژوهش به مطالعه الگوی فضایی آسیب­پذیری شهرها در زمان زلزله و ارائه الگوی بهینه در شهر کرمانشاه پرداخته است. روش پژوهش ترکیبی از روش‌های توصیفی و تحلیلی و نوع آن کاربردی است. اطلاعات مورد نیاز این پژوهش از طریق نتایج تفصیلی سرشماری عمومی نفوس و مسکن، طرح‌های جامع و تفصیلی شهر کرمانشاه و همچنین استفاده از اسناد، مجله­ها و کتاب­های مرتبط با موضوع به­دست آمده است. جهت تحلیل داده­ها از نرم افزارهای AutoCAD، ArcGIS، Super Decisions و از مدل ANP که مدلی مناسب جهت پهنه­بندی آسیب­پذیری در مناطق شهری می­باشد، استفاده شده است. نتایج این پژوهش معلوم کرد که مناطق مختلف شهر کرمانشاه به­ویژه بخش­های شمالی و جنوبی آن از لحاظ آسیب­پذیری وضعیت مناسبی ندارند. بنابراین، نتایج این مطالعه می‌تواند به مدیریت بحران به­ویژه جهت خدمات امداد و نجات و برنامه­ریزان و طراحان شهری برای درک و اولویت­بندی مسائل شهری و به­ویژه ساماندهی بافت­های فرسوده شهر و یافتن راه­حل‌هایی برای رفع مشکلات کمک نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

واژگان کلیدی: الگوی فضایی آسیب‌پذیری؛ زلزله؛ مدل‌سازی؛ کرمانشاه

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