تنوع زیستی محصولات زراعی در استان سیستان و بلوچستان

بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی

مقاله 4، دوره 14، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 52، شهریور 1397، صفحه 31-50   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/aej.2018.543355

نویسندگان

سید مهدی جوادزاده^* ؛ منصور سلجوقیان پور

گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد ایرانشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایرانشهر، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش به منظور تعیین تنوع زیستی محصولات زراعی، سطح زیر کشت و شاخص‌های تنوع زیستی استان سیستان و بلوچستان انجام شد. در کل استان بیش از 60 گونه زراعی مورد کشت قرار می­ گیرند که حاکی از متنوع بودن محصولات زراعی است. کلیه گیاهان زراعی به هشت گروه شامل غلات، حبوبات، گیاهان علوفه‌ای، دانه‌های روغنی، محصولات جالیزی، سبزیجات، گیاهان صنعتی و گیاهان دارویی و ادویه‌ای طبقه‌بندی شد. بین شهرستان‌های مختلف استان از نظر تنوع زیستی اختلاف زیادی وجود داشت. در مناطق مورد مطالعه، غنای گونه‌ای در ایرانشهر، خاش و چابهار به ترتیب 30، 25 و 17 به دست آمد و مقدار شاخص شانون- وینر و یکنواختی گونه‌ای به ترتیب 22/1 و 32/۰ برای کل استان به دست آمد. شاخص تنوع زیستی شانون- وینر در محصولات زراعی در گیاهان علوفه‌ای 90/1 و گیاهان دارویی 39/0 بود. همچنین شاخص یکنواختی محصولات زراعی در شهرستان‌های ایرانشهر 11/0 و سراوان 1/0 بود. به طور کلی نظام زراعی اصلی استان مبتنی بر غلات و به ویژه گندم می‌باشد؛ بنابراین، استان سیستان و بلوچستان تنوع گونه‌های زراعی مطلوبی داشته و تشابه گیاهان زراعی کشت شده بین شهرستان‌ها نسبتاً کم بود. در این استان به دلیل ویژگی‌های اقلیمی، امکان کشت گونه‌های مختلف علوفه‌ای و صنعتی امکان‌پذیر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

 تنوع گونه‌ای؛  شاخص تشابه سورنسون؛  شاخص شانون؛  غنای گونه‌ای

مراجع

1. Altieri MA (1999) The ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 74: 19–31.
2. Ardakani MR (2002) Ecology. Tehran University Press. Tehran. [in Persian]
3. Bajwa MA (1995) Wheat research and production in Pakistan. Proceedings of the International Symposium Wheats for More Tropical Environments, CIMMYT. Mexico City, Mexic.
4. Baurdry J (1999) Interaction between agriculture and ecological systems at landscape level. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 27: 119-130.
5. Brookfield H, Padoch C (1994) Appreciating agrodiversity: A look at the dynamism and diversity of indigenous farming practices. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 36: 7-45.
6. Brookfield H, Stocking M (1999) Agrodiversity: Definition, description and design. Global Environmental Change 9: 77 -80.
7. Brush SB (2004) Farmers’ bounty: Locating crop diversity in the contemporary world. Yale University Press. New Haven.
8. Bure F, Baurdy J (1995) Species biodiversity in changing agricultural landscapes: A case study in the Pays d' auge, France. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 55: 193-200.
9. Center of Information Technology and Communication of Ministry of Jihad-e- Agricultre (CITCMAJ). 2013. Agricultural statistic database. Ministry of Jihad-e- Agriculture Pub(2). Available at Web site http://www.maj.ir (In Persian).
10. Conway GR (1987) The properties of agroecosystems. Journal of Agricultural Systems 24: 95 -117.
11. Didier Le C, Jacques B, Françoise B, Claudine T (2002) Why and how we should study field boundary biodiversity in an agrarian landscape context. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 89: 23-40.
12. Engels JMM, Wood D (1999) Conservation of agrobiodiversity. In: Wood D, Lenne J, Agrobiodiversity: Characterization, Utilization and Management. CAB International Publication: Wallingford.
13. Falco SD, Perrings C (2005) Crop biodiversity, risk management and the implications of agricultural assistance. Ecological Economics 55: 459-466.
14. FAO (1999) Sustaining Agricultural Biodiversity and Agro-ecosystem Function. FAO, Rome Italy New Haven, CT, USA. Final project report, 348 pp.
15. Ghalegolab Behbahani A, Khoshbakht K, Davari A, Tabrizi L, Veisi H, Alipour A (2012) Assessing the effect of Socio-economic factors on Agrobiodiversity in homegardens of Jajrood and Jamabrood in Tehran province (Iran). Advances in Environmental Biology 6: 1708-1715.
16. Ghorbani R (2009) Ecology. Jihad Daneshgahi Mashhad Press, Mashhad. [in Persian]
17. Gliesssman SR (2007) Agroecology: The Ecology of Sustainable Food Systems. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
18. Hilton-Taylor C (2000) IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN, Gland.
19. Khoshbakht K, Tabrizi L, Mahdavi Damghani A (2009) Contribution of local agricultural systems in conservation of plant genetic resources in central Alborz region/Iran. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics 92: 153-162.
20. Koocheki A, Nassiri M, Kamali GA, Shahandeh H (2006) Potential impacts of climate change on agrometeorological indicators in Iran. Arid Land Research and Management 20: 245-259.
21. Koocheki A, Jahanbin G (2003) Research project of Iran biodiversity. Final project report, Agricultural Faculty of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad: Mashhad, Iran. [in Persian with English abstract]
22. Koocheki A, Nassiri Mahallati M, Najafi F (2004a) The agrobiodiversity of medicinal and aromatic plants in Iran. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 2: 208-216. [in Persian with English abstract]
23. Koocheki A, Nassiri Mahallati M, Asgharipoor M, Khodashenas A (2004b) Biodiversity of fruits and vegetables in Iran. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 2: 79-87. [in Persian with English abstract]
24. Koocheki A, Nassiri Mahallati M, Hassanzade F, Mansoori H, Amiri SR, Zarghani H, Karimian M (2013) Assessing vegetable biodiversity in Iranian Agro-ecosystems. Journal of Applied Ecology 2: 1-11. [in Persian with English abstract]
25. Koocheki A, Nassiri Mahallati M, Jahanbin GH, Zarae A (2004c) Diversity of crop cultivars in Iran. Desert Journal 9: 49-67. [in Persian with English abstract]
26. Koocheki A, Nassiri Mahallati, M, Moradi R, Alizadeh Y (2011) Meta analysis of agrobiodiversity in Iran. Journal of Agroecology 1: 1-16. [in Persian with English abstract]
27. Koocheki A, Nassiri Mahallati M, Zare Feiz Abadi A, Jahanbin G (2004d) Diversity of cropping systems in Iran. Animal sciences journal (Pajouhesh and Sazandegi) 63: 70-83. [in Persian with English abstract]
28. Koocheki A, Nassiri M, Glissman S, Zare Feiz Abadi A (2008) Agrobiodiversity of field crops: a case study for Iran. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 32: 95-122. [in Persian with English abstract]
29. Koocheki A, Nassiri M., Kamali GA, Shahandeh H (2006) Potential impacts of climate change onagrometeorological indicators in Iran. Arid Land Research and Management 20: 245-259.
30. Magurran AE (1988) Ecological diversity and its measurement. Croom Helm Publisher: London.
31. Meng EC, Smale M, Rozelle S, Ruifa H, Nad H, Hnag J (1999) The cost of wheat diversity in China. Proceedings of the American Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting, August 8-11, 1999, Nashville, Tennessee.
32. Moonen AC, Barberi P (2008) Functional biodiversity: An agroecosystem approach. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 127: 7-21
33. Mozumder P, Berrens RP (2007) Inorganic fertilizer use and biodiversity risk: An empirical investigation. Ecological Economics 62:538-543.
34. Nabhan GP (1989) Enduring Seeds: Native American Agriculture and Wild Plant Conservation. North Point Press: San Francisco.
35. Naeem S, Li S (1995) Biodiversity enhances ecosystem reliability. Nature 390: 505-509.
36. Nassiri Mahallati M, Koocheki A, Rezvani Moghadam P, Beheshti A (2001) Agroecology. Ferdowsi University Press: Mashhad, Iran. [in Persian]
37. Nassiri Mahallati M, Koocheki A, Mazaheri D (2005) Diversity of crop species in Iran. Desert Journal 10:33-50. [in Persian with English abstract]
38. Oldfield ML, Alcorn JB (1987) Conservation of traditional agroecosystems. Journal of Bioscience 37: 199-208.
39. Piha M, Tiainen J, Holopainen J, Vepsalainen V (2007) Effects of land-use and landscape characteristics on avian diversity and abundance in a boreal agricultural landscape with organic and conventional farms. Biological Conservation 140: 50-61.
40. Salighe M, Bareimanei F, Esmaeilnegad M (2008) Climatical regionalization on Sistan and Balouchestan Province. Geography and development 6(12): 101-106
41. Saxena KG, Maikhuri RK, Rao KS (2005) Change in agricultural biodiversity: implications for sustainable livelihood in the Himalaya. Journal of Mountain Science 2: 23-31.
42. Shannon CE (1948) A mathematical theory of communication. The Bell System Technical Journal 27: 379-423.
43. Sharma P, Mishra NK (2009) Ethno-medicinal uses and agrobiodiversity of Barmana region in Bilaspur district of himachal pradesh, northwestern Himalaya. Ethnobotanical Leaflets 13: 709-21.
44. Simpson EG (1949) Measurement of diversity. Nature 163: 688.
45. Stocking M (2001) Agrobiodiversity: A positive means of addressing land degradation and sustainable rural livelihoods. In: Conacher, A. J. (ed.), Land Degradation. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.
46. Tengberg AJ, Jones E, Kiome R, Stocking M (1998) Appling the concept of agrodiversity to indigenous soil and water conservation practices in eastern Kenya. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 70: 259-272.
47. Thrupp LA (2004) The importance of biodiversity in agroecosystems. Journal of Crop Improvement 12: 315-337.
48. Tscharntke T, Clough Y, Wanger T, Jackson L (2012) Global food security, biodiversity conservation and future of agricultural intensification. Biological Conservation 151: 53-59.
49. Turner RK, Paavola J, Cooper P, Farber S, Jessamy V, Georgiou S (2003) Valuing nature: Lessons learned and future research directions. Ecological Economics 46: 493-510.
50. Young-Mathews A, Cullman SW, Sanchez-Moreno S, Ogeen AT, Ferris H, Hollander AD, Jackson LE (2010) Plant-soil biodiversity relationships and nutrient retention in agricultural riparian zones of the Sacramento Valley, California. Agroforestry Systems 80: 41-60.
51. Zimmerer KS (1991) Managing diversity in potato and maize fields of the Peruvian Andes. Ethnobiological 11: 23-49.
52. Whittaker H (1972) Evolution and measurement of species diversity. Taxon 21(2/3): 213-25.