اثر بقایای گیاهی ماشک گل سفید بر استقرار اولیه و عملکرد ارقام گندم در شرایط مزرعه

بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی

مقاله 2، دوره 14، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 53، آبان 1397، صفحه 11-22   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/aej.2018.544492

نویسندگان

بهمن عبدالرحمنی^{* 1}؛ غلامرضا ولیزاده²

¹عضمو هیات علمی موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور

²مؤسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مراغه، ایران

چکیده

جهت بررسی اثر مقادیر مختلف بقایای علوفه ماشک گل سفید بر رشد و عملکرد ارقام گندم در مناطق سردسیر، آزمایشی به صورت استریپ پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار طی سه سال زراعی 1396-1393 در مؤسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، ایستگاه مراغه انجام شد. در این پژوهش، میزان بقایای علوفه ماشک گل سفید در سه سطح 0، 5/1 و 3 تن در هکتار به عنوان فاکتور افقی و ارقام گندم دیم شامل هما، آذر 2 و باران به عنوان فاکتور عمودی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. آزمایش در قطعه زمینی که در تناوب علوفه - گندم قرار داشت، اجرا شد و بقایای گیاهی ماشک در کرت­های آزمایشی افزوده و به طور یکنواخت روی سطح خاک پخش گردید. بقایای گیاهی به میزان 5/1 تن در هکتار اثرات مثبتی بر استقرار اولیه گیاهچه‌ها در مزرعه، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم داشت و رقم هما بیشترین واکنش مثبت را به اضافه شدن بقایای ماشک سبز در مقدار 5/1 تن در هکتار از لحاظ وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد زیست توده، شاخص برداشت، درجه باردهی و شاخص بهره‌وری بارش نشان داد. بنابراین، حفظ بقایای ماشک به میزان 5/1 تن در هکتار می­تواند موجب بهبود عملکرد گندم دیم گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

 بهره‌وری بارش؛  تناوب زراعی؛  کشاورزی حفاظتی؛  علوفه

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