شناسایی مؤلفه‌های تدریس اثربخش اساتید رشته برنامه‌ریزی درسی از دیدگاه دانشجویان این رشته

پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسی

مقاله 4، دوره 15، شماره 59، دی 1397، صفحه 95-114   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30486/jsre.2018.545152

نویسندگان

صابر عبدالملکی^{* 1}؛ حسن ملکی²؛ فائزه اسدی³

¹دانشجوی دکتری برنامه درسی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.

²عضو هیئت‌علمی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.

³دانشجوی دکتری برنامه درسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اسلامشهر، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

هدف پژوهش حاضر، شناسایی مؤلفه‌های تدریس اثربخش اساتید رشته برنامه‌ریزی درسی از نظر دانشجویان بود. روش پژوهش کیفی با استفاده از رویکرد پدیدارشناسی بود. جامعه پژوهش دانشجویان مقطع کارشناسی ارشد و دکتری رشته برنامه‌ریزی درسی دانشگاه‌های تهران و علامه طباطبائی بود. روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند بود که در آن دانشجویانی که شرایط نمونه موردنظر را داشتند با استفاده از مصاحبه نیمه ساختارمند و اکتشافی مورد مصاحبه قرار گرفتند و با رسیدن به اشباع نظری یافته‌ها تعداد نمونه پژوهش 21 نفر شد. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها از روش تحلیل موضوعی داده‌های 7 مرحله‌ای کلایزی (1987) استفاده شد. تحلیل محتوای دیدگاه دانشجویان در مورد مؤلفه‌های تدریس اثربخش اساتید منجر به شناسایی 328 کد اولیه،26 زیر مضمون و 6 مضمون اصلی شد که عبارت‌اند از ویژگی‌های علمی (تسلط بر موضوع؛ دانش علمی معتبر و به‌روز از موضوع تدریس؛ برقراری ارتباط بین نظر و عمل در موضوع؛ رویکرد پژوهشگری نسبت به تدریس موضوع)؛ مهارت‌های تدریس (بیان مطالب به زبان شیوا قابل‌فهم و منسجم؛ به‌کارگیری روش‌های مختلف تدریس؛ کاربرد روش‌های تدریس فعال؛ استفاده از امکانات و وسایل کمک‌آموزشی)؛ مدیریت کلاس (مدیریت زمان؛ داشتن طرح درس؛ قواعد و قوانین کلاسی انعطاف‌پذیر؛ سبک مدیریت تعاملی؛ مهارت برقراری ارتباط)؛ ویژگی‌های اخلاقی (روحیه انتقادپذیری؛ توجه و احترام به دانشجو؛ شوخ‌طبعی؛ وقت‌شناسی؛ عشق و علاقه به تدریس و دانشجویان؛ عدالت)؛ انگیزش (استفاده از منابع گوناگون انگیزشی؛ ترغیب شاگردان به یادگیری؛ توجه به تفاوت‌های فردی دانشجویان؛ ایجاد شور و هیجان در فرایند آموزش) و ارزشیابی (کاربرد روش جدید و متنوع ارزشیابی؛ تناسب روش ارزشیابی با موضوع درسی؛ تأکید بر ارزشیابی فرایند مدار).

کلیدواژه‌ها

تدریس اثربخش؛ یادگیری؛ برنامه‌ریزی درسی؛ آموزش عالی

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