تعداد نشریات | 418 |
تعداد شمارهها | 10,005 |
تعداد مقالات | 83,623 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 78,424,795 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 55,450,241 |
Sulfonated porous carbon catalyzed esterification of free fatty acids | ||
Iranian Journal of Catalysis | ||
مقاله 6، دوره 1، شماره 1، شهریور 2011، صفحه 37-40 اصل مقاله (292.53 K) | ||
نویسندگان | ||
Arash Shokrolahi؛ Abbas Zali؛ Hamid Reza Pouretedal* | ||
Chemistry Department, Malek-ashtar University of Technology, Shahin-shahr, P.O.Box 83145-115, I.R. Iran | ||
چکیده | ||
The esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) with methanol is studied using Sulfonated Porous Carbon (SPC) as catalyst. In compare to the amorphous sugar catalyst and protonated Nafion, the proposed catalyst shows stability and high efficient performance in biodiesel production. The highest initial rate of oleic acid conversion is obtained at catalyst loading of 1 mmol H+ and mole ratio of MeOH/Oleic acid of 10. The prepared Sulfonated Porous Carbon reused at least three times without loss of activity. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
Sulfonated Porous Carbon؛ Esterification؛ fatty acids؛ Solid acid | ||
مراجع | ||
[1] J. Otera, Esterification Methods, Reactions and Applications., Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH, 2003.
[2] J. Otera, Chem. Rev. 93 (1993) 1449-1470.
[3] F. Maa, M.A. Hannab, Bioresour. Technol. 70 (1999) 1-15.
[4] G. Knothe, J. Krahl, J. Van Gerpen, The Biodiesel handbook., Champaign: AOCS press, 2005.
[5] Vogel’s Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry. 5th edn., Singapore: ELBS, Longman Group Ltd, p 695, 1989.
[6] M.J. Ramos, A. Casas, L. Rodriguez, R. Romero, A. Perez, Appl. Catal. A, Gen. 346 (2008) 79-85.
[7] Q. Shu, B.L. Yang, H. Yuan, S. Qing, G.L. Zhu, Catal. Commun. 8 (2007) 21-26.
[8] P.P. Joaquín, D. Isabel, M. Federico, S. Enrique, Appl. Catal. A, Gen. 254 (2003) 173-188.
[9] M.M.R. Talukder, J.C. Wu, S.K. Lau, L.C. Cui, G. Shimin, A. Lim, Energy Fuels 23 (2009) 1-4.
[10] K. Ngaosuwan, E. Lotero, K. Suwannakarn, J.G. Goodwin, P. Praserthdam, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 48 (2009) 4757-4767.
[11] M. Toda, A. Takagaki, M. Okamura, J.N. Kondo, S. Hayashi, K. Domen, M. Hara, Nature 438 (2005) 178-179.
[12] M. Hara, T. Yoshida, A. Takagaki, T. Takata, J.N. Kondo, S. Hayashi, K. Domen, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 43 (2004) 2955-2958.
[13] A. Takagaki, M. Toda, M. Okamura, J.N. Kondo, S. Hayashi, K. Domen, Catal. Today 116 (2006) 157-161.
[14] M.H. Zong, Z.Q. Duan, W.Y. Lou, T.J. Smith, H. Wu, Green Chem. 9 (2007) 434-437.
[15] Q. Shu, J. Gao, Z. Nawaz, Y. Liao, D. Wang, J. Wang, Appl. Energ. 87 (2010) 2589-2596.
[16] M. Mirza-Aghayan, R. Boukherroub, M. Bolourtchian, M. Hosseini, Tetrahedron Lett. 44 (2003) 4579-4580.
[17] V.A. Likholobov, V.F. Surovikin, G.V. Plaksin, M.S. Tsekhanovich, Y.V. Surovikin, O.N. Baklanova, Catal. Ind. 1 (2009) 11-16.
[18] S.M. Manocha, Sādhanā 28 (2003) 335-348.
[19] F.C. Wu, R.L. Tseng, J. Colloid. Interf. Sci. 294 (2006) 21-30.
[20] H. Marsh, F. Rodriguez-Reinoso, Activated Carbon, Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2006
[21] R.Q. Sun, L.B. Sun, Y. Chun, Q.H. Xu, Carbon 46 (2008) 1757-1764.
[22] T.C. Miller, J.A. Holcombe, Anal. Chim. Acta 455 (2002) 233-238.
[23] K.M. Thomas, Catal. Today 120 (2007) 389-398.
[24] Y. Nakagawa, M. Molina-Sabio, F. Rodrı´guez-Reinoso, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 103 (2007) 29-34.
[25] A. Caiazzo, S. Dalili, C. Picard, M. Sasaki, T. Siu, A.K. Yudin, Pure Appl. Chem. 76 (2004) 603-613.
[26] J. Blanco, A.L. Petre, M. Yates, M.P. Martin, S. Suarez, J.A. Martin, Adv. Mater. 18 (2006) 1162-1165.
[27] C. Xu, Y. Liu, D. Yuan, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 2 (2007) 674-680.
[28] S. Kudo, T. Maki, K. Miura, K. Mae, Carbon 48 (2010) 1186-1185.
[29] W. Shen, Z. Li, Y. Liu, Recent Pat. Chem. Eng. 1 (2008) 27-35.
[30] J. Machnikowski, B. Grzyb, H. Machnikowska, J.V. Weber, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 82 (2005) 113-120.
[31] M. Olivares-Marín, G.C. Fernández-González, A. Macías-García, V. Gómez-Serrano, Appl. Surf. Sci. 252 (2006) 5967-5971.
[32] M. Kitano, K. Arai, A. Kodama, T. Kousaka, K. Nakajima, S. Hayashi, M. Hara, Catal. Lett. 131 (2009) 242-249.
[33] J.B. Lee, Y.K. Park, O. Yang, Y. Kanga, K. Jun, Y.J. Lee, H.Y. Kima, K.H. Lee, W.C. Choi, J. Power Sources 158 (2006) 1251-1255.
[34] A. Shokrolahi, A. Zali, M.H. Keshavarz, Chin. J. Catal. 31 (2010) 1427-1432.
[35] J.-Y. Park, Z.-M. Wang, D.-K. Kima, J.-S. Lee, Renewable Energy 35 (2010) 614–618.
[36] R. Liu, X. Wang, X. Zhao, P. Feng, Carbon, 46 (2008) 1664–1669.
[37] Q. Shu, Z. Nawaz, J. Gao, Y. Liao, Q. Zhang, D. Wang, J. Wang, Bioresource Technology 101 (2010) 5374–5384.
[38] L. Peng, A. Philippaerts, X. Ke, J. V. Noyen, F. D. Clippel, G. V. Tendeloo, P. A. Jacobs, B. F. Sels, Catalysis Today 150 (2010) 140–146. | ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,778 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 971 |