اثر تراکم بوته بر برخی پاسخ‌های رشدی، فیزیولوژیکی و فعالیت‌ آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی گیاه نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) تحت سطوح مختلف آبیاری

فیزیولوژی محیطی گیاهی

مقاله 3، دوره 11، شماره 43، مهر 1395، صفحه 25-38   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

نویسندگان

محمد برزعلی^{* 1}؛ محمد نصری²؛ مازیار کریمی فر²

¹مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران

²گروه زراعت، واحد ورامین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ورامین، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف آبیاری و تراکم بوته بر برخی پاسخ‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و فعالیت‌ آنزیم‌های آنتی اکسیدانی رقم نخود‌هاشم، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده با طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در منطقه گنبدکاووس در سال زراعی92-1391 اجراء شد. عامل اصلی شامل سطوح مختلف آبیاری (شرایط دیم بدون آبیاری، آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی و آبیاری در زمان پر شدن نیام‌ها) و عامل فرعی شامل تراکم‌های مختلف 20، 30، 50 و 70 بوته در متر مربع بود. نتایج نشان داد که اثر سطوح مختلف آبیاری بر تمامی صفات به‌جز تعداد روز تا 50 درصد گلدهی و ارتفاع بوته معنی‌دار بود اما تراکم تنها بر خصوصیات تعداد روز تا 50 درصد گلدهی، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد روز تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص کلروفیل برگ اثر معنی‌دار داشت. در این آزمایش آبیاری موجب افزایش معنی‌دار محتوی رطوبت نسبی و شاخص کلروفیل برگ نسبت به شرایط دیم گشت اما باعث کاهش معنی‌دار در میزان پروتئین دانه، فعالیت آنزیم‌های سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز و کاتالاز شد. بالاترین درصد پروتئین دانه در کشت بدون آبیاری مشاهده شد. همچنین بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد دانه به‌ترتیب در سطوح آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی و شرایط دیم به‌ترتیب با مقادیر 1602 و 1014 کیلوگرم در هکتار بدست آمد. در سطوح فاکتور تراکم نیز بالاترین عملکرد دانه توسط تراکم 70 بوته در متر مربع و کمترین عملکرد دانه در تراکم 20 بوته در متر مربع مشاهده گردید.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

آبیاری تکمیلی؛ آنزیم؛ جمعیت گیاهی؛ شاخص کلروفیل؛ عملکرد دانه

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