تأثیر سطوح مختلف تنش خشکی بر صفات مرتبط با جوانه‌زنی و رشد اولیه گیاهچه گیاه دارویی شوید (Anethum graveolens L.)

تحقیقات بذر

مقاله 6، دوره 6، شماره 21، بهمن 1395، صفحه 57-71   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

اسماعیل قلی‌نژاد^*

دانشیار، گروه علمی علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر تنش خشکی بر صفات مرتبط با جوانه­زنی و رشد اولیه گیاه شوید (Anethum graveolens L.)، آزمایشی در سال 1394 در آزمایشگاه کشاورزی دانشگاه پیام نور ارومیه به اجرا در آمد. تحقیق به صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی با پنج سطح تنش خشکی (0، 1- ، 2- ، 3- و 4- بار بدست آمده از پلی اتیلن گلیکول 6000 (PEG 6000) که پتانسیل صفر بار به عنوان شاهد در نظر گرفته شد) با چهار تکرار اجرا شد. صفات شاخص مقاومت به خشکی، وزن خشک و تر ریشه‌چه، ساقه­چه و گیاهچه، درصد جوانه­زنی، سرعت جوانه­زنی، طول ساقه­چه، طول ریشه­چه، نسبت وزن خشک ریشه­چه به وزن خشک ساقه­چه، ضریب آلومتریک و نسبت طول ریشه­چه به طول ساقه‌چه مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که تأثیر سطوح مختلف تنش خشکی بر کلیه صفات مورد مطالعه در این تحقیق (به جز نسبت طول ریشه­چه به طول ساقه­چه، نسبت وزن خشک ریشه­چه به وزن خشک ساقه­چه و ضریب آلومتریک) تأثیر معنی­داری در سطح یک درصد داشت. مقایسه میانگین نشان داد با افزایش تنش خشکی، کلیه صفات مورد مطالعه در این تحقیق (به جز نسبت طول ریشه­چه به طول ساقه­چه، نسبت وزن خشک ریشه­چه به وزن خشک ساقه­چه و ضریب آلومتریک) کاهش معنی­داری یافت. تنش خشکی 4- و 3- بار در مقایسه با شاهد وزن خشک ریشه‌چه، ساقه­چه و گیاهچه را به ترتیب 95 و 87 درصد کاهش داد. بین شاخص­ مقاومت به خشکی و وزن خشک ریشه­چه (^**98/0)، ساقه­چه (^**99/0) و گیاهچه (^**99/0)، طول ریشه­چه (^**97/0) و ساقه­چه (^**93/0)، سرعت جوانه­زنی (^**96/0) و درصد جوانه­زنی (^**98/0) همبستگی مثبت و معنی­داری وجود داشت. نتایج بیانگر آن است تنش خشکی دارای اثرات قابل توجهی بر صفات مرتبط به جوانه­زنی گیاه شوید می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پلی اتیلن گلیکول؛ درصد جوانه‌زنی؛ ضریب آلومتریک؛ کمبود آب؛ وزن خشک گیاهچه

مراجع

Akhondi, M., Lahoti, M., Safarnezhad, A. and Ejtehadi, H. 2003. Response evaluation of alfalfa (Cicer arietiunm L.) to drought stress in stages of germination and seedling. MS.C thesis, Sciences Faculty, Univ. of Ferdousi Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian)

Bartels, D. and Sunkar, R. 2005. Drought and salt tolerance in plants. Critical Rev. Plant Sci. 24: 23-58.

Barzgar, A.B. and Rahmani, M. 2004. Study the effects of environmental stress on the stimulation of germination on Hyssop. The 2^th Conference medicinal plants, Univ. of Shahed, Tehran, Iran. 67p. (In Persian)

Barzgar, A.B. 2009. The effects of some environmental stress stimulation of germination on Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.).  Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 24(4): 499-505. (In Persian)

Beromand Rezazadeh, Z. and Kocheki, A. 2005. Seed germination response Ajowan, fennel and dill to osmotic and matric potentials of sodium chloride and polyethylene glycol 6000 at different temperatures. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 3(2): 207-217. (In Persian)

Bhatt, R.M. and Srinivasa-Rao, N.K. 2005. Influence of pod load on response of okra to water stress. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology. 10: 54-59.

Boydak, M., Dirik, H., Tilki, F. and Calikoglu, M. 2003. Effects of water stress on germination in six provenances of Pinus brutia seeds from different bioclimatic zones in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 27: 91-97.

Creelman, R.A., Mason, H.S., Bensen, R.J., Boyer, J.S. and Mullet, J.E. 1990. Water deficit and abscisic acid cause differential inhibition of shoot versus root growth in soybean seedlings. Plant Physiology. 92: 205-214.

De, R. and Kar, R.K. 1994. Seed germination and seedling growth of mung bean (Vigna radiate L.) under water stress induced by PEG-6000.  Seed Science and Technology. 23: 301-308.

Dodd, G.L. and Donovan, L.A., 1999. Water potential and ionic effects on germination and seedling growth of two cold desert shrubs. American Journal of Botany. 86: 1146-1153.

Ebadi, M., Azizi, T.M. and Farzaneh, A. 2011. Effect of drought stress on germination Factors of Four Improved Cultivars of German Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.). Journal of Plant Production. 18(2): 119-132. (In Persian)

Elias, S.G. and Copeland, L.O. 2001. Physiological and harvest maturity of canola in relation to seed quality. Agronomy Journal. 92: 1054-1058.

Emmerich, W.E. and Hardgree, S.P. 1990. Polyethylene glycol solution contact affection seed germination. Agronomy Journal. 82: 1103-1107.

Farhanghian Kashani, S., Nabizadeh, S., Majd, A. and Arshi, Y. 2007. Effects of PEG-induced drought stress induction on germination, hypocotyl length and root length of two cultivars of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Plant and Ecosystem. 11: 91-104. (In Persian)

Farhang Mehr, S., Akbari, SH. and Rezvan Bidokhti, SH. 2014. Evaluation of salinity stress on some germination traits in three ecotypes of Matricaria chamomilla. Journal of Sciences and Seed Technology. 3(1): 56-65. (In Persian)

Germ, H. 1949. Die feststellung der physiological bedingten triebkraft von samen. Proceeding of the international seed testing association, 15: 1-23.

Ghani, A., Azizi, M. and Tehranifar, A. 2009. Response of Achillea species to drought stress induce by polyethylene glycol in germination stage. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 25(2): 261-271. (In Persian)

Ghasemi, M. 2003. The health benefits of fruits and vegetables. Publication Tiho. P.104.

Hampton, J.G. and Tekrony, D.M. 1995. Handbook of vigor test methods (3^th Ed). International seed testing association (ISTA). Zurich Switzerland.

Harris, D., Pathan, A.K., Gothkar, P., Joshi, A., Chivasa, W. and Nyamudeze, P. 2001. On-farm seed priming: using participatory methods to revive and refine a key technology. Agricultural System. 69: 151-164.

Hasandokht M.R. 2012. Vegetables Production Technology. Selsele Press. Tehran. Iran. (In Persian)

Hasani, A. 2005. Effects of water stress induced by polyethylene glycol on seed germination of basil. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 21(4): 535-543. (In Persian)

Hassanpour Darvishi, H. 2012. Effect of saline water on quantitative and qualitative traits of Dill (Aniethum graveolens L.) seeds. Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding. 6(2): 13-20. (In Persian)

Heidari, N. and Pooryousef, M. 2011. Effect of seed priming with polyethylene glycol and sodium chloride on germination and growth indices of Pimpinella anisum L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 27(3): 509-516. (In Persian)

Hoseini, F., Siadat, S.A., Bakhshande, A. and Ch, A. 2011. Evaluation effect of deficit oxygen stress on germination components and seedling growth of five wheat varities. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 9(4): 631-638.

Hoseini, H. and Rezvani Moghaddam, P. 2006. The effect of drought and salinity stress on germination of psyllium. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 4(1): 15-22. (In Persian)

Jaleel, C.A., Manivannan, P., Wahid, A., Farooq, M., Jasim, H., Somasundaram, R. and Pannerselvam, R. 2009. Drought stress in plants: a review on morphological characteristics and pigments composition. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology. 11: 100-105.

Kafi, M., Nezami, A., Hoseini, H. and Masoumi, A. 2004. Physiological effects of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 on germination of lentil (Lens esculinaris L.) genotypes. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 3(1): 69-80. (In Persian)

Kaya, M.D., Okcu, G., Atak, M., Cıkılı, Y. and Kolsarıcı, O. 2006. Seed treatments to overcome salt and drought stress during germination in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). European Journal of Agronomy. 24: 291- 295.

Khakshoor Moghaddam, Z., Lahoti, M. and Ganjali, A. 2011. Evaluation of effects of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol on germination and morpho-physiological traits of dill (Anethum graveolens L.). Journal of Horticultural Sciences. 25(2): 185-193. (In Persian)

Khalesro, Sh. and Aghaalikhan, M. 2007. Effect of salinity and water Deficit stress on seed germination. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi. 77: 153-163. (In Persian)

Macar, T.K., Ozlem, T. and Ekmekci, Y. 2009. Effect of deficit induced by PEG and NaCl on chickpea (Cicer arientinum L.) cultivars and lines at early seedling stages. G.U. Journal of Science. 22(1): 5-14.

Madakazole, I.C., Prithiviraj, B., Madakadze, R.M., Stewart, K., Peterson, P., Coulman, B.E. and Smith, D.L. 2000. Effect preplant seed conditioning treatment on the germination of switchgrass (Panicum virygatu L.). Seed Science and Technology. 28: 403-411.

Maguire, J.D. 1962. Speed of germination in selection and evaluation for seed vigor. Crop Science. 2: 176-177.

Marjani, A., Farsi, M. and Rahimizadeh, M. 2005. Evaluation of tolerance to drought stress of ten genotypes of chickpea in germination stage using poly ethylene glycol (PEG 6000). Agriculture Sciences. 12: 17-29. (In Persian)

Mayer, A.M. and Poljakoff-Mayber, A. 1989. The germination of Seeds. Published by Pergamon Press.

Michel, B.E. and Kaufmann, M.R. 1973. The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000. Plant Physiology. 51(5): 914-916.

Murillo-Amador, B., Lopez-Aguilar, R., Kaya, C., Larrinaga-Mayoral, J. and Flores-Hernandez, A. 2002. Comparative effect of NaCl and Polyethylene Glycol on germination, emergence and seedling growth of Cowpea. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 188(4): 235-247.

Najafi, F. 2001. Effect of different irrigation regimens and plant density on quality and quantity of medicinal plant of fleawort (Plantago psyllium). MS.C. Thesis. University of Ferdousi Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian)

Nori, A., Lahoti, M. and Nezami, A. 2000. Response evaluation of chickpea (Cicer arietiunm L.) to drought stress induced by PEG 6000 on seed germination and seedling. MS.C thesis, Sciences Faculty, Univ. of Ferdousi Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian)

Pasandideh, H., Seyed Sharifi, R., Hamidi, A., Mobasser, S. and Sedghi, M. 2014. Relationship of seed germination and vigor indices of commercial soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars with seedling emergence in field. Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research. 1(1): 29-50. (In Persian)

Rabie, B. and Bayat, M. 2009. Evaluation of germination seed indexes and seedling growth of rapseed cultivars (Brassica napus L.) using vigor seed tests. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 40(2): 93-104. (In Persian)

Radaei Alamoli, Z., Abdollahian-Noghabi, M., Akbari, Gh., Roozbeh, F. and Sadat Noori, S.A. 2010. Effect of water stress induced by solid medium of poly ethylene (PEG 6000) on the seedling characteristics of sugar beet genotypes. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 12(3) 279-290. (In Persian)

Rane, J., Maheshwari, M. and Nagarajan, S. 2001. Effect of parenthesis water stress on growth, photosynthesis and yield of six wheat cultivars differing in drought tolerance. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology. 6: 53-60.

Riyasat, M., Nasirzadeh, A., Jafari, A.A. and Jovkar, L. 2004. Evaluation of tolerance to drought stress different populations of perennial fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). Journal of Research in genetics and plant breeding, forest and rangeland Iran. 20: 189-208. (In Persian)

Safaee Khorram, M., Jafarnia, F.S. and Khosrovshahi, S. 2008. The world's medicinal plants. Press the Green Agricultural Training. P. 442. (In Persian)

Setayesh Mehr, Z. and Ghanjali, A. 2013. Evaluation of drought stress effects on growth and physiological traits of dill (Anethum graveolens L.). Journal of Horticultural Science. 27(1): 27-35.  (In Persian)

Shamsaldin, S., Farahbakhsh, H. and Maghsoudi Mod, A.A. 2007. The effects of salinity stress on germination, vegetative growth and some of the physiological traits of rapeseed cultivars. Journal of Water and Soil Science. 11(41): 191-202. (In Persian)

Soltani, A. and Galeshi, S. 2002. Importance of rapid canopy closure or wheat production in a temperate sub-humid environment: experimentation and simulation. Field Crops Research. 77: 17-30. (In Persian)

Soltani, A., Gholipour, M. and Zeinali, E. 2006. Seed reserve utilization and seedling growth of wheat as affected by drought salinity. Environmental and Experimental of Botany. 55: 195-200.

Sopha, V.T., Savage, E., Anacle, A.O. and Beyl, C.A. 1991. Vertical differences of wheat and triticale to water stress. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 167: 23-28.

Takel, A. 2000. Seedling emergence and growth of sorghum genotypes under variable soil moisture deficit. Agronomy Journal. 48: 95-102.

Tobe, K., Zhang, L., Qiu, G.Y. and Shimizu, H. 2001. Characteristics of seed germination in five non-halophytic Chinese desert shrub species. Journal of Arid Environments. 47: 191-201

Wood Stock, L.W. 1969. Biochemical tests for seed vigor. Proceedings of International seed testing association (ISTA). 34: 253-263.

Zeinali, A. and Soltani, A. 2000. Effect of drought stress on heterotrophic growth of wheat seedling. Journal of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources. 7: 113-123. (In Persian)

Zeng Y.J., Wang, Y.R. and Zhang, J.M. 2010. Is reduced seed germination due to water limitation a special survival strategy used by xerophytes in arid dunes? Journal of Arid Environments. 74: 508-511.