نقش کنگره ایالات‌ متحده در وضع تحریم‌ها علیه ایران

فصلنامه علمی تحقیقات سیاسی و بین المللی

مقاله 5، دوره 9، شماره 33، بهمن 1396، صفحه 76-100   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

نویسندگان

حسین مرادی^{* 1}؛ حسین دهشیار²

¹پژوهشگر، موسسه مطالعات راهبردی جهان پژوه

²هیئت علمی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی

چکیده

چکیده
سیستم سیاسی حکومتی امریکا مبتنی بر سیستم تفکیک قواست که با تقسیم قدرت در میان قوا و ایجاد سیستم توازن و بررسی، هر قوه بر عملکرد دیگری نظارت می­کند. لذا به­خاطر همین سیستم توازن و بررسی، دوباره در عرصه تصمیم‌گیری؛ به­خصوص تصمیم‌گیری‌های سیاست خارجی، تداخل نقشی میان رئیس‌جمهور و کنگره وجود دارد. این تداخل نقشی در عرصه سیاست خارجی امریکا در قبال ایران نمود داشته، هر یک سعی می­کنند تا سیاست‌های خود را در قبال ایران تحقق بخشند. این تحقیق با استفاده از روش توصیفی و با مراجعه به متن قوانین تصویب شده در کنگره علیه ایران و همچنین، جلسات استماع برگزار شده در ارتباط با ایران، در پی پاسخ به این پرسش اصلی است که کنگره چه نقشی در پیشبرد سیاست‌های امریکا در مقابل ایران داشته و چگونه به دنبال ایفای این نقش است؟ فرضیه این پژوهش، آن است که هر زمان که کنگره وارد تصمیم‌گیری‌های سیاست خارجی امریکا علیه ایران شده، با تصویب قوانین باعث شده رفتار امریکا نسبت به ایران تهاجمی­تر و با اعمال سیاست‌های سرسختانه‌تری همراه گردد. درواقع، کنگره در ارتباط با موضوع ایران کوشش کرده تا دست برتر را در تعیین سیاست خارجی امریکا نسبت به رئیس‌جمهور داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

واژه‌های کلیدی: کنگره؛ سیاست خارجی؛ تفکیک قوا؛ توازن و بررسی؛ تحریم

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