تاثیر تنش کم‌آبی و کاربرد هیومیک و سالیسیلیک اسید بر صفات فیزیولوژیکی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت

فیزیولوژی محیطی گیاهی

مقاله 7، دوره 13، شماره 50، تیر 1397، صفحه 88-101   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

نویسندگان

سید غلامرضا موسوی^{* 1}؛ حسین راغ‌آرا²

¹دانشیار گروه زراعت، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران

²گروه زراعت، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تاثیر کم‌آبی و کاربرد هیومیک اسید و سالیسیلیک اسید بر صفات فیزیولوژیکی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت، آزمایشی به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1393 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بیرجند انجام شد. فاکتور اصلی آبیاری در سه سطح (33، 67 و 100 درصد نیاز آبی) و فاکتور فرعی نیز کاربرد هیومیک و سالیسیلیک اسید در 4 سطح (کاربرد هیومیک اسید، کاربرد سالیسیلیک اسید، کاربرد توام هیومیک و سالیسیلیک اسید و عدم کاربرد) بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثر آبیاری بر صفات فیزیولوژیکی، اجزای عملکرد و عملکرد معنی‌دار شد، اما اثر هیومیک اسید و سالیسیلیک اسید بر شاخص کلروفیل، هدایت روزنه‌ای، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد دانه معنی‌دار گردید. اثر متقابل فاکتورها نیز بر هیچ یک از صفات معنی‌دار نشد. با کاهش تامین نیاز آبی ذرت از 100 به 33 درصد، شاخص کلروفیل، هدایت روزنه‌ای، تعداد بلال در متر مربع، تعداد ردیف در بلال، تعداد دانه در ردیف، تعداد دانه در بلال و وزن هزار دانه به ترتیب 6/15، 6/35، 2/41، 1/14، 9/33، 8/61 و 40 درصد و به طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت. عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک در شرایط تامین 100 درصد نیاز آبی از برتری معنی‌دار به ترتیب 9/3 و 4/2 برابری در مقایسه با تیمار تامین 33 درصد نیاز آبی برخوردار بود. کاربرد هیومیک اسید، سالیسیلیک اسید و مصرف توام سالیسیلیک اسید و هیومیک اسید به ترتیب افزایش معنی‌دار 5/7، 7/7 و 9/8 درصدی شاخص کلروفیل، 5/22، 6/22 و 7/20 درصدی وزن هزار دانه و 5/26، 5/18 و 7/21 درصدی عملکرد دانه را نسبت به تیمار عدم کاربرد این مواد باعث گردید. نتایج نشان داد که تامین 100 درصد نیاز آبی و کاربرد مستقل سالیسیلیک اسید و هیومیک اسید می‌تواند سبب افزایش عملکرد دانه ذرت شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ذرت؛ سالیسیلیک اسید؛ عملکرد؛ کلروفیل؛ کم‌آبیاری؛ هدایت روزنه‌ای؛ هیومیک اسید

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