بررسی اثر دگرآسیبی تفاله حاصل از روغن‌کشی میوه زیتون (Olea europaea L.) بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد سه رقم گندم در شرایط آب‌و‌هوایی خوزستان

فیزیولوژی محیطی گیاهی

مقاله 3، دوره 13، شماره 51، آذر 1397، صفحه 31-50   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

نویسندگان

آذین غفاری زاده^{* 1}؛ سید منصور سیدنژاد¹؛ موژان وفایی¹؛ عبدالعلی گیلانی²؛ عذرا صبورا³

¹گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید چمران، اهواز، ایران

²بخش اصلاح و تهیه بذر، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منایع طبیعی استان خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران

³گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران

چکیده

این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثر دگرآسیبی تفاله حاصل از روغن­کشی میوه زیتون (Olea europaea L.) بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد سه رقم گندم انجام شد. آزمایش در شرایط گلدانی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار در پنج سطح تفاله حاصل از روغن­کشی میوه زیتون (صفر، 1، 3، 5 و 7 درصد حجمی/حجمی) و سه رقم گندم (تریتیکاله، کرخه و چمران) به اجرا درآمد. میزان پروتئین­های محلول برگ، فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز، آسکوربات­پراکسیداز و کاتالاز برگ و میزان مالون­دی­آلدئید برگ در مرحله سنبله رفتن و وزن سنبله، طول سنبله، تعداد دانه در هر سنبله، وزن دانه­های سنبله، وزن هزار دانه، شاخص برداشت کل، محتوای پرولین دانه و کربوهیدرات محلول دانه در مرحله رسیدگی کامل گندم سنجش شد. با توجه به نتایج به­دست آمده، میزان پروتئین­های محلول برگ، فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز برگ، وزن سنبله، طول سنبله، تعداد دانه در هر سنبله، وزن دانه­های سنبله، وزن هزار دانه و شاخص برداشت کل با افزایش مقدار تفاله در خاک در هر سه رقم گندم نسبت به شاهد کاهش یافت. اما میزان فعالیت آنزیم آسکوربات­پراکسیداز و کاتالاز برگ، میزان مالون­دی­آلدئید برگ، پرولین دانه و کربوهیدرات محلول دانه در سه رقم گندم با افزایش مقدار تفاله زیتون در خاک نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت. از آن جایی که تفاله حاصل از روغن­کشی میوه زیتون دارای ترکیبات فنلی می­باشد، اثرات بازدارندگی تفاله زیتون بر رشد گندم به این ترکیبات نسبت داده شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانت؛ ترکیبات فنلی؛ تفاله زیتون؛ دگرآسیبی؛ فیتوتوکسیتی

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