Effects of Melia azedarach L. and Peganum harmala L. extracts on nymphal and pupal developmental duration of Trialeurodes vaporariorum

Journal of Medicinal Herbs, "J. Med Herb" (Formerly known as Journal of Herbal Drugs or J. Herb Drug)

مقاله 3، دوره 2، شماره 4، اسفند 2012، صفحه 239-244   

نوع مقاله: Original article

نویسندگان

Mahsa Dehghani^* ؛ Kamal Ahmadi

Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of ‎Kerman, Kerman, Iran;

چکیده

Background & Aim: The plants of the greenhouse have been affected by infestation of the pest Trialeurodes vaporariorum, called greenhouse whitefly, which markedly reduced production. Synthetic insecticides have been widely developed and, their extensive use has brought about disadvantages, like environmental disturbance, pest resistance, lethal effects on non target organisms and toxicity to users and consumers. One alternative for control this invasive pest is the use of natural insecticides, active component isolated from the plants. Green insecticides tend to have broad spectrum activity relatively specific in their mode of action and easy to process and use. The effects of methanolic extracts of Melia azedarach L. and Peganum harmala L. on nymphal and pupal developmental duration of T. vaporariorum investigated under laboratory condition.
Experimental: In both of the experiments, the leaf discs of bean plants with new hatched nymphs or pupae were placed into the round plastic petri-dishes (5 cm diameter) that filled with agar gel. The individuals of the nymph and pupa instars were treated with the concentration of M. azedarach and P. harmala extracts (80 mg/ml). In control group, water distilled was applied.
Results & Discussion: The results indicate that the both methannolic extracts significantly increased nymphal developmental duration as compared to control. While, there was no significantly difference on pupal developmental duration in different treatments. The effect of plant extracts on nymphal developmental duration could be controlled on population dynamic of T. vaporariorum. Also, they could be delayed immature stages of greenhouse whitefly. Moreover, botanical pesticides appear to have potential as a good organic insecticide and provide for pest control an alternative to currently used pesticides.





Industrial and Practical Recommendations: According to this experiment, substituting conventional pesticides with methanol extracts of M. azedarach and P. harmala are an attractive prospect. However, formulating the plant extract is essential for commercial use of the botanical extracts. Therefore, scientific studies on tech-biochemistry of the extract are necessary. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

Sublethal effect؛ Plant extract؛ Harmal؛ Persian lilac؛ Whitefly

مراجع

Abbassi, K., Mergaoui, Z., Atay-Kadiri, A., Stambouli, A. and Ghaot, S. 2003b. Activite ‎biologique de L extrait degraines de Peganum harmala sur le criquestpelerin (Schistocerca ‎gregarian). Journal of Orthoptera Research, 12 (1): 71- 78.‎

Abbassi, K., Atay- Kadiri, Z. and Ghaot, S. 2003. Biological effects of alkaloidas extracted from ‎three plants of Moroccan arid areas on the desert locust. Physiological Entomology, 28 (3): ‎‎232- 236.‎

Abbasipour, H., Mahmoudvand, M., Rastegar, F. and Moslem, B. 2010. Insecticidal activity of ‎Peganum harmala seed extract against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. Bulletin of ‎Insectology, 63 (2): 259- 263.‎

Abou-Fakhr Hammad, E. M., Nemer, N. M., Hawi, Z. K. and Hanna, L. T. 2000. Responses of ‎the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, to the chinaberry tree (Melia azedarach (L.) and its ‎extracts. Annals of Applied Biology, 137: 79-88.‎

Biswas, K., Chattopadhyay, I., Banerjee, K. R., and Bandyopadhyay, U. 2002. Biological activities and medicinal properties of Neem (Azadirachta indica). Current Science, 82: 1336–1345.

Carvalho, S. M. and Ferreira, D. T. 1990. Santa-Bárbara contra vaquinha. Ciência Hoje, 11: 65- ‎‎67.‎

El-Gengaihi, S.E., Dimetry, N. Z. and Mohamed, S. M. 1996. Chemical and biological ‎investigation of harmal plant. 1- successive harmal extract. Egyptian Journal of Biological ‎Pest Control, 6 (6): 21- 23.‎

Hummelbrunner, L. A. and Isman, M. B. 2001. Acute, sublethal, antifeedant and synergistic ‎effects of monoterpenoid essential oil compounds on the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera ‎litura (Lep., Noctuidae). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49: 715- 720.‎

Huang, R. C., Tadera, K., Yagi, F., Minami, Y., Okamura, H., Iwagawa, T. and Nakatami, M. 1996. ‎Limonoids from Melia azedarach. Phytochemistry, 43: 581- 583.‎

Jbilou, R., Ennabili, A. and Sayah, F. 2006. Insecticidal activity of four medicinal plants extracts ‎against Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). African Journal of Biotechnology, ‎‎5 (10): 936- 940.‎

Jbilou, R., Amri, H., Bouayad, N., Ghailani, N., Ennabili, V. and Sayah, F. 2008. Insecticidal effects of extracts of seven plant species on larval development, α-amylase activity and offspring production of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Bioresource Technology, 99(15): 959-964.

Jbilou, R. and Sayah, F. 2007. Effects of Peganum harmala (Zygophyllaceae) seed extracts on the development of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 27: 199-209.

Nathan, S. and Sehoon, K. 2006. Effects of Melia azedarach L. extract on the teak defoliator Hyblaea puera Cramer (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae). Crop Protection, 25 (3): 287-291.

Palumbo, J. C., Horowitz, A. R. and Prabhaker., N. 2001. Insecticidal control and resistance ‎management for Bemisia tabaci. Crop Protection, 20: 739- 765.‎

Reed, D. K., Warthen, JR. J. D., Uebel, E. C. and Reed, G. L. 1982. Effects of two triperpenoids ‎from neem on feeding by cucumber beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of ‎Economic Entomology, 75: 1109- 1113.‎

Rembold, H. 1994. Advances in Invertebrate Reproduction. Elsevier Science, 3: 481- 491.‎

Russell, L. M. 1977. Hosts and distribution of the green-house whitefly, Trialeurodes ‎vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Cooperative Plant Pest ‎Report, 2: 449-458.‎

Schmutterer, H. 1990. Properties and potential of natural pesticides from the neem tree, ‎Azadirachta indica. Annual Review of Entomology, 35: 271-297.‎

Valladares, G. R., Defaco¸ M. T., Palacios, S. and Carpinella, M. C. 1997. Laboratory evaluation ‎of Melia azedarach extracts against the elm leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal ‎of Economic Entomology, 90 (3): 747-750.‎

Wisler, G. C., Li, R. H., Liu, H. Y., Lowry, D. S. and Duffus, J. E. 1998. Tomato chlorosis virus a ‎new whitefly-transmitted, phloem-limited, bipartite closterovirus of tomato. Phytopathology, ‎‎88: 402- 409.‎

Wandscheer, C. B., Duque, J. E., Da Silva, M., Fukuyama, Y., Wohlke, J. L., Adelmann, J. and Fontana, J. D., 2004. Larvicidal action of ethanolic extracts from fruit endocarps of Melia azedarach and Azadirachta indica against the dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti. Toxicon, 44: 829-835.