Effect of harvest times on quantity (morphological) and quality characteristics of Thymus daenensis Celak. in Isfahan

Journal of Medicinal Herbs, "J. Med Herb" (Formerly known as Journal of Herbal Drugs or J. Herb Drug)

مقاله 4، دوره 2، شماره 4، اسفند 2012، صفحه 245-254   

نوع مقاله: Original article

نویسندگان

Ahmad Reza Golparvar^{* 1}؛ Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti²؛ Hossien Zinaly³؛ Amin hadipanah⁴

¹Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran;

²Research Center of Medicinal Plants & Ethnoveterinary, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran;

³Research Center of Agricultural Isfahan, Isfahan. Iran;

⁴Jiroft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jiroft, Iran;

چکیده

Background & Aim: Deanaie thyme (Thymus daenensis Celak.), a member of the Lamiaceae family.  Thymus in one of the most important medicinal and aromatic plants that was used in pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics hygienic industries in most of developed countries. Recent studies have showed that thyme have strong antibacterial, antifungal, spasmolytic and antioxidant activities.
Experimental: This experiment was done in a random block design with three replications conducted in field of Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan (Isfahan) 2010. Treatment phonological stages such as: before flowering stage; at beginning of flowering stage; 50% flowering stage; at full flowering stage and at fruit set stage
Results & Discussion: The results obtained in our study, showed that effects phonological stages had very significant effect (p<0.01) on plant height, diameter, fresh and dry herb weight and thymol percentage. The highest plant height (31.83 cm) and highest plant diameter (38.50 cm) were at the fruit set stage. The highest fresh herb weight (10621 kg/ha) and the highest dry herb weight (4243 kg/ha) was at the fruit set stage. The lowest Fresh herb weight (5545 kg/ha) and the lowest dry herb weight (2035 kg/ha) was at the before flowering stage. The highest essential oil content (1.41%) was extracted at the 50% flowering stage. The highest thymol content (84.1%) was extracted at the before flowering stage.
Industrial and Practical Recommendations: According to the findings of this research, the fruit set stage can be introduce as a the most appropriate time of harvesting for gaining the highest function of wet and dry Thymus daenensis, but for achieving to highest rate of thymol , the flowering stage can be recommended.  

کلیدواژه‌ها

Thymus daenensis Celak؛ Phonological stages؛ Dry herb weight؛ Thymol percent

مراجع

اکبری نیا، ا.، شریفی عاشورآبادی، ا. و میرزا، م. 1389. بررسی عملکرد، میزان و ترکیب­های اصلی اسانس آویشن دنایی (Thymus daenensis Celak.) کشت شده در قزوین. تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران. 26: 205- 212.

اکبری نیا، ا. 1386. شناسایی ترکیب های معطر آویشن دنایی در شرایط رویشگاه و کشت شده .چکیده مقالات اولین همایش فیتوشیمی ایران، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران20 -22 آذر. صفحه 112.

جم زاد، . ز1383. آویشن. مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل ها و مراتع کشور، تهران، 17 صفحه.

خورشیدی، ج.، امیدبیگی، ر.، سفیدکن، ف.، روستایی، ع.، فخر طباطبایی، م. 1388. اثر اقلیم و زمان برداشت بر کیفیت اسانس   Thymus daenensis Celak . همایش علمی توسعه صنعت گیاهان دارویی ایران . 9 و 10 اسفند ماه 1388 تهران.

سفیدکن، ف. و رحیمی بید گلی، ع.، 1381. بررسی تغییرات کمی و کیفی اسانس آویشن کوهی (Thymus kotschyanus)   در دوره رشد گیاه و روش های مختلف تقطیر. تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران، 15: 1- 22.

سفیدکن، ف.، نیکخواه، ف.، شریفی عاشورآبادی، ا. 1388. بررسی تأثیر زمان برداشت و روش اسانس گیری بر کمیت و کیفیت اسانس کمیت و کیفیت اسانس (Thymus vulgaris L.) تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران. جلد 25 (3): 309 – 320.

میراحمدی، ف.، امید بیگی، ر.، سفیدکن ، ف.، روستایی، ع.، فخر طباطبایی، م. 1388. مقایسه کیفیت اسانس Thymus fedtschenkoi در مراحل مختلف رشد. همایش علمی توسعه صنعت گیاهان دارویی ایران . 9 و 10 اسفندماه 1388 تهران.

میراحمدی، ف.، امید بیگی، ر.، سفیدکن، ف.، روستایی، ع.، فخر طباطبایی، م. 1388. اثر زمان های مختلف برداشت بر میزان اسانس Thymus daenensis و  Thymus fedtschenkoi. همایش علمی توسعه صنعت گیاهان دارویی ایران . 9 و 10 اسفند ماه 1388 تهران.

نیک آور، ب . و مجاب، ف. 1383. بررسی اجزای تشکیل دهنده اسانس سرشاخه های گلدار آویشن دنایی . فصلنامه گیاهان دارویی ، 13: 45 – 50.

 

Askari, F. 2003. Essential oil composition of Thymus daenensis Celak. from Iran. Journal of Essential oil Bearing Plants, 6l (3):123-125.

Ghahreman A.1379.  Flor of Iran, Vol. 22,

Goodner, K.L., Mahattanataweea, K., Plotto, A., Sotomayor, J.A. and Jordan, M. J. 2006. Aromatic profiles of Thymus hyemalis and Spanish Thymus vulgaris essential oils by GC–MS/GC–O. Industrial Crops and Products, 24: 264–268.

Hudaib, M. and Aburjai, T. 2007. Volatile components of Thymus vulgaris L. from wild - growing and cultivated plants in Jordan. Flavor and Fragrance Journal, 22: 322–327.

Hudaib, M., Speroni, E., Pietra, A. M. D. and Cavrini, V. 2002. GC/MS evaluation of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) oil composition and variations during the vegetative cycle. Journal Pharmacutical Biomedical Analysis, 29: 691-700.

Jordan, M. J., Martinez, R. M., Goodner, K. L., Baldwin, E. A. and Sotomayor, A. 2006. Seasonal variation of Thymus hyemalis Lange and Spanish Thymus vulgais L. essential oils compositions. Industrial Crops and Products, 24: 253–263.

Letchamo, W. and Gosselin, A. 1996. Transpiration, essential oil glands, epicuticular wax and morphology of Thymus vulgaris are influenced by light intensity and water supply. Journal of Horticultural Science, 71: 123 – 134.

McGimpsey, J. A., Douglas, M. H., Van Klink, J. W., Beauregard, D. A. and Perry, N. B. 2006. Seasonal variation in essential oil yield and composition from naturalized Thymus vulgaris L. in New Zealand. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 9(6): 347-352.

Nejad-Ebrahimi, S., Hadian, J., Mirjalili, M.H., Sonboli, A., Yousefzadi, M. 2008. Essential oil composition and antibacterial activity of Thymus caramanicus at different phenologycal stages. Food Chemistry, 110: 927-931.

Nikavar, B., Mogab, F. and Dolat-Abadi, R. 2005. Analysis of the essential oils of two Thymus species from Iran. Food Chemistry, 90: 609-611.

Omidbaigi, R. and Rezaei Nejad A. 2000. The influence of nitrogen fertilizer and harvest time on the productivity of Thymus vulgaris. International Journal Horticulture Science, 6: 43-46.

Omidbaigi, R., Sefidkon, F. and Hejazi, M. 2005.  Essential oil composition of Thymus×citriodorus L. cultivated in Iran. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 20: 227-238.

Ozguven, M. and Tansi, S. 1998. Drug yield and essential oil of Thymus vulgaris L. as in influenced by ecological and ontogenetical variation Cukurova University. Tr. Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 22: 537-542.

Stahl-biskup,  E. 2002. In Thyme: The Genus Thymus. Essential Oil Chemistry of the Genus Thymus—A Global View. Taylor and Francis: London, pp. 75–124.