ارزیابی سطح کارآیی شبکه معابر شهری تهران هنگام بروز حوادث غیرمترقبه (‌مطالعه موردی منطقه‌ 9)

فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی نگرش های نو در جغرافیای انسانی

مقاله 11، دوره 11، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 42، اردیبهشت 1398، صفحه 181-202   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی استخراج ازرساله و پایان نامه

نویسندگان

محمد شعبانی¹؛ محمد رضا زندمقدم^{* 2}؛ سعید کامیابی³

¹دانشجوی دکترای رشته جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، واحد سمنان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سمنان، ایران

²استادیار جغرافیای طبیعی، واحد سمنان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سمنان، ایران

³دانشیار جغرافیای طبیعی، واحد سمنان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سمنان، ایران

چکیده

چکیده

ایران یکی از ده کانون حادثه‌خیز در جهان است که از چهل و سه نوع حادثه شناخته ‌شده در جهان، سی و سه نوع آن را در ایران شاهد بوده یا خواهیم بود. شبکه معابر در مناطق مسکونی نـقش تـعیین کننده‌ای در تأمین فضای باز و مناسب جهت گریز از عوامل‌ خطرزا و دسترسی به نقاط امـن­، تـسهیل عـملیات امداد و نجات پس از بحران و تسریع عملیات آواربرداری، پاک‌سازی و بازسازی دارند. شبکه معابر شـهری بـه صورت سلسله مراتبی ایجاد می‌شوند‌ تا‌ بافت‌های مسکونی از نظر سرعت خـودروهای عـبوری در امـنیت قرار گیرند و همچنین کاربری­های عمومی شهری جهت حمل و نقل و تردد از سرعت‌ مناسب‌ اسـتفاده کـنند­. سؤال اصلی مقاله حاضر این است که آیا در صورت وقوع حوادث غیرمترقبه شبکه معابر شهری منطقه­ 9 تهران می‌توانند به مدیریت بحران پیش آمده کمک کنند؟ فرضیه مقاله حاضر این است که با وجود توسعه کمی معابر شهری در منطقه 9 تهران اما به دلیل این که فاقد عرض مناسب بوده و خود می‌توانند باعث ایجاد حوادث غیرمترقبه شوند. نتایج مقاله نیز نشان می­دهد که در راسـتای اهداف مقابله با حوادث غیرمترقبه که‌ هـمانا کـاهش آسیب‌پذیری است، مـلاحظات مـربوط به شبکه ارتباطی بـه‌عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین عناصر در افزایش و کاهش آسیب‌پذیری، اهمیتی دو چندان دارد. در این خصوص اساسی‌ترین معیار در زمینه‌ کـارایی‌ شـبکه‌های ارتباطی در برابر حوادث مختلف، به عـرض آن­ها ارتـباط پیـدا مـی‌کند به ‌طوری که هـرچه عـرض معبر بیشتر باشد، ظرفیت معبر افزایش یافته و بنابراین توانایی مانور بیشتری جهت امدادرسانی‌ و حضور‌ وسایل نـقلیه امـدادی مـهیا می‌گردد. در این زمینه بوسیله روش‌های محاسباتی مـختلف مـی‌توان مـیزان پراکـندگی و انـباشت مـصالح ساختمانی ناشی از تخریب حوادث غیرمترقبه را در معابر برآورد نمود. با توجه به این مقدمه در این مقاله با استفاده از آمارهای رسمی و نیز نقشه‌های مختلف و نیز استفاده از منابع کتابخانه‌های و نیز مقالات علمی و پژوهشی به ارزیابی سطح کارآیی شبکه معابر شهری تهران هنگام بروز حوادث غیرمترقبه با تأکید بر منطقه­ 9 پرداخته می­شود

Abstract
Iran is one of the top ten hot spots in the world of the forty-three types of incidents in the world, we have seen or will be thirty-three types of incidents in Iran. Transit networks in residential areas play a decisive role in providing open and suitable space to escape risk factors and access to safe areas, facilitate relief operations and post-crisis relief operations, and accelerate debris operations, clean up and restoration. Urban network networks are created hierarchically so that residential buildings can be considered in terms of the speed of passing vehicles and also use public utilities for transportation and traffic of the appropriate speed. The main question of the present article is that whether in the event of unexpected events Tehran metropolitan area 9 can help manage the crisis? The hypothesis of this paper is that despite the development of a few urban streets in the 9th district of Tehran but due to the lack of appropriate widths, this are not capable of managing unexpected events and can also cause unexpected incidents. The results of the paper also show that in line with the objectives of dealing with unexpected events That is, reducing the vulnerability, communications related considerations as one of the most important elements is important to double the vulnerability. In this regard, the most basic measure in terms of the efficiency of communication networks in managing various events is their relevance. So that the higher the width of the tunnel, the increased capacity and so the ability to maneuver more to help and the presence of relief vehicles is provided. In this regard, by means of different computational methods, the amount of dispersion and accumulation of building materials caused by the destruction of unexpected events in roads can be estimated. Given this introduction in this paper, using official statistics as well as different maps and using library resources as well as scientific and research articles, we will evaluate the level of efficiency of Tehran's public transit network in the event of unexpected accidents with regard to the 9th district.

کلیدواژه‌ها

واژگان کلیدی: معابر شهری؛ حوادث غیرمترقبه؛ منطقه 9 تهران؛ مدیریت بحران؛ تاب آوری شهری

مراجع

Persian References

Farzad Behtash, Mohammad Reza and Ali Ki Nejad and Mohammad Taqi Pir Babaei and Ali Asgari (2013), Evaluation and Analysis of Dimensions and Components of Resilience of Metropolis of Tabriz, The Journal of Fine Arts, Architecture and Urban Development, Vol. 18, No. 3.

Nowroozi, Akram (2016), Explaining and Analyzing Resilience Variables Based on Localization of Data in Metropolitan Regions Case Study of District 12 of Tehran Municipality, Ph.D., Geography and Urban Planning by Guidance Dr. Rahim Sarband and Consultant Massoud Mahdavi Haji Luie, Tehran University of Science and Research.

Rezaei, Mohammad Reza (2010), Explaining resilience of urban communities in order to reduce the effects of natural disasters (earthquake). Case study: Tehran metropolis. Thesis of Ph.D. in Geography and Urban Planning of Tarbiat Modares University.

Rezaei, Mohammad Reza (2013), Evaluation of Economic and Institutional Resilience of Urban Communities against Natural Disasters, Case Study: Tehran's Quaternary Earthquake. Two Quarterly Journal of Crisis Management, Second Period, Sh. 1.

Masoumi, Leila (2015), The Impact of Lifestyle on Urban Flexibility (Comparative Study: Regions 1 and 19 of Tehran), Master's Degree in Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran: Dr. Zohreh's Advice and Advice Potter.

Rafieian, Mojtaba, Motahari Zeinab al-Sadat (2012), Designing a Model for the Study of Socio-Crisis Risk Management Approach. Case Study of Durability Design (Emergency Response Candidates), Two Journal of Crisis Management Research, No. 1, 2012

Hamdi, Karim and Shahram Amir-e-Vali (2010), Tehran Metropolis and the Challenges of Urban Management, Geographic Territory, 7 (No. 2 (26), 1-13.

Ebrahimzadeh, Issa and Yousef Nasiri (2007), Urbanization, trends and outcomes, Journal of Political and Economic Information, no. 237 and 238.

Hamzehie Taherani, Mahshid and Seyed Abdollah Sajjadi Jagherg and Afsaneh Zamanmaghaddam (2016), Identifying and Prioritizing the Factors Affecting Organizational Resilience in Confronting the Crisis Among the Hospitals of Rasht, The 2nd International Conference on Modern Paradigms in Management, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, pp. 136- 121

Nowroozi, Akram (2016), Explaining and Analyzing Resilience Variables Based on Localization of Data in Metropolitan Regions Case Study of District 12 of Tehran Municipality, Ph.D., Geography and Urban Planning by Guidance Dr. Rahim Sarband and Consultant Massoud Mahdavi Haji Luie, Tehran University of Science and Research.

Badri, Seyyed Ali, Lsbvyi, Mehdi, Asgari, Ali, Ghadiri Masoomsh, Mojtaba, Salmani, Mohammad (2013), The role of local management in the promotion of spatial resilience to natural disasters with an emphasis on flood. Case study: Two basins of Cheshmeh Kileh County Tonekabon and Coolabard Kalardash, Two Journal of Crisis Management, No. 3.

Taghvaei, Masoud and Hasan Beik Mohammadi and Nader Zali and Mitra Kasaii (2012) Investigating Effective Factors in the Implementation Approach of Spatial Planning in Qom Province, Journal of Planning and Space Design, Vol.2, No 1

Meskini, Zohreh and Azita Rajabi (2011), Investigation of the worn out texture of the 9th district of Tehran and its organization (case study of Imamzadeh Abdollah neighborhood), Geography Quarterly, No. 17.

Karimipour Zarei, Ali Akbar and Farzam Babaei Semiromi and Hossein Yousefi (2013), The Effectiveness of Environmental Education in Informing Citizens to Reduce the Use of Polyethylene Materials (Case Study: District of Tehran Municipality), Quarterly Journal of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, No. 4.

Pourahmad, Ahmad and Mohammad Akbarpour Sarascanrood and Samaneh Sotoudeh (2009), Urban green space management in District 9 of Tehran Municipality, Journal of Human Geography Research, No. 69.

Eskandari, Mohammad Amin and Esmaeil Shojaee and Kiyomars Habibi (2014), Resilience assessment model for earthquake treatment centers. Fifth International Conference on Integrated Management of Natural Disasters, p. 1117.

Shia, Ismail, Kiumars Habibi and Kamal Torabi (2010), Investigating the vulnerability of urban communication networks against earthquakes using the IHWP method, GIS Case study of Tehran Municipality Zone, Bakhtiari Quarterly Journal, No. 13

Latin References

Holling, C.S.,1973. "Resilience and stability of ecological Systems"Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 4,pp.1-23m

Klein, R. J. & F. Nicholls, "Thomalla, Resilience to natural hazards‌: how‌ useful is this concept?" Environmental Hazards, 5, 1-2, Pp. 35- 45, 2003.

Mieler Danielle Hutchings, Dana Brechwald (2012). Regional resilience initiative: policy agenda for recovery. Earthquake and Hazards Specialist.

Folke, Carl; et, al. (2010). Resilience thinking‌: integrating‌ resilience‌, adaptability and transformability. In: Ecology and Society 15:4.

Maguire B & Hagen PC,.2007. "Disasters and communities: understanding social‌ resilience‌". The‌ Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 22, pp. 16‌-20‌.

Mayunga‌, S.B. 2006‌. "The concept of resilience revisited", Disasters 30 (4) (2006), pp. 433‌–450.

http://www.isfahan.ir

http://atlas.tehran.ir

http://dl.hom.ir