اثر کودهای زیستی بر اجزای عملکرد، عملکرد، پروتئین و روغن سویا (Glycine max Merrill.) تحت رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری

فیزیولوژی محیطی گیاهی

مقاله 1، دوره 13، شماره 52، اسفند 1397، صفحه 1-15   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

نویسندگان

مجید قنبری^{* 1}؛ علی مختصی بیدگلی¹؛ پرنیان طالبی سیه سران²

¹گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

²گروه باغبانی-دانشکده کشاورزی-دانشگاه تربیت مدرس-تهران-ایران.

چکیده

هدف از این تحقیق، ارزیابی تأثیر کاربرد باکتری تثبیت­کننده نیتروژن از جنس ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم در ترکیب با باکتری­ حل‌کننده فسفات سودوموناس پوتیدا بر کاهش اثرات کمبود آب آبیاری در رقم زراعی سویا تحت شرایط مزرعه بود. آزمایش به­صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 95-1394 در دانشگاه تربیت مدرس به اجرا درآمد. تیمارهای آبیاری شامل آبیاری مطلوب، تنش ملایم، تنش متوسط و تنش شدید، به­ترتیب بر اساس 15، 30، 45 و 60 درصد تخلیه رطوبت قابل دسترس از زمان استقرار تا پایان دوره رشد و چهار نوع تلقیح بذر سویا با باکتری شامل (شاهد یا بدون مصرف باکتری، تلقیح با Azotobacter chroococcum، تلقیح با Pseudomonas putida و تلقیح با هر دو باکتری) در نظر گرفته شده‌اند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که اثر اصلی رژیم آبیاری بر کلیه صفات به جز وزن هزار دانه و اثر اصلی کود زیستی به جز وزن هزار دانه، نیتروژن و روغن دانه بر کلیه صفات معنی­دار بود. بیشترین تعداد غلاف در بوته، عملکرد دانه، محتوای نسبی آب، نیتروژن دانه، پروتئین دانه، عملکرد پروتئین، روغن دانه و عملکرد روغن دانه از تیمار کاربرد توأم Azotobacter chroococcum و Pseudomonas putida به دست آمد. بیشترین تعداد غلاف در بوته، عملکرد دانه، محتوای نسبی آب، نیتروژن دانه، پروتئین دانه، عملکرد پروتئین، روغن دانه و عملکرد روغن دانه در تیمار شاهد مشاهده گردید. از نتایج آزمایش، می­توان نتیجه گرفت که کاربرد ازتوباکتر به تنهایی موجب افزایش 9/17 درصد عملکرد روغن دانه، کاربرد سودوموناس پوتیدا به تنهایی موجب افزایش 4/32 درصد عملکرد روغن دانه و کاربرد توأم هر دو باکتری موجب افزایش 8/39 درصد عملکرد روغن دانه شد. به­طور کلی، با توجه به عدم معنی­داری برهمکنش کود بیولوژیک در سطوح تنش آبی، می­توان به این نتیجه رسید که چه در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب و چه در شرایط تنش خشکی، کاربرد کود بیولوژیک در بهبود عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه، عملکرد پروتئین و روغن دانه سویا مؤثر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تنش خشکی؛ رقم تلار؛ کم‌آبی؛ کود بیولوژیک؛ لوبیای روغنی

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