بررسی فیتوشیمیایی، آنتی‌اکسیدانی و ضدالتهابی استرول‌ها و اسیدهای چرب دو گونه دارویی( Eryngium caucasicum Trautv) و (caucalis platycarpos L) در استان گیلان

اکوفیتوشیمی گیاهان دارویی

مقاله 4، دوره 7، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 25، خرداد 1398، صفحه 40-54   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

سحر محمدی پور¹؛ عبدالله حاتم زاده²؛ داوود بخشی²؛ اردلان پاسداران^{* 3}

¹گروه باغبانی شاخه گیاهان دارویی، دانشگاه پردیس گیلان، رشت، ایران

²استاد، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

³فارماکوگنوزی/ دانشکده داروسازی/ دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شیراز

چکیده

التهاب واختلالات وابسته به فرآیند اکسیداسیون زمینه ساز بسیاری از بیماری‌های تهدید کننده سلامت عمومی را میباشند. در این تحقیق به بررسی و شناسایی محتوای استرولی و اسیدهای چرب موجود در دو گونه گیاه E.caucasicum و C.platycarpos پرداخته شده است. دو گونه گیاهی یاد شده متعلق به تیره چتریان(Apiaceae) بوده که نقش قابل توجهی در فرهنگ تغذیه‌ ای منطقه خزری دارامیباشند. علاوه بر بررسی فیتوشیمیایی این دو گونه‚ پتانسیل‌های ضد التهابی و آنتی‌اکسیدانی آنها نیز به منظور آماده سازی مکمل‌های غذایی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ارزیابی اسیدهای چرب و فیتواسترول‌های این گیاهان مذکوربا روش کروما توگرافی گازی- طیف سنجی جرمی chromatography-Mass spectroscopy مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت و برای شناسایی ساختار ترکیبات شناسایی شده از مقایسه کروماتوگرام‌های حاصل با اجزای استاندارد، استفاده شد. برای بررسی اثرات آنتی‌اکسیدانی از متدهای زیر بهره گرفته شد: 1)) 1, 1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 2) phosphomolybdenum, 2 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulphonic acid radical cation (ABTS) )3) cupric ion reducing activity (CUPRAC) )4) Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) و )5) metal chelating activity on ferrous ions. همچنین برای ارزیابی فعالیت ضد التهابی اسیدهای چرب و فیتواسترول‌های موجود در فراکسیون‌های دو گونه مذکور از روش human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization method استفاده شد. مقدار کلی روغن این گیاهان به ترتیب 18.21% و 7.39 % بود که درصد روغن موجود در عصاره گیاه E.caucasicum به طور قابل توجهی از C.platycarpos بیشترمیباشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آنتی‌اکسیدان؛ ضدالتهابی؛ زولنگ (E.caucasicum)؛ ساقه سبز(C.platycarpos)؛ اسیدهای چرب

مراجع

1. Aktumsek, A., Zengin, G., Guler, G.O., Cakmak, Y.S. and Duran, A., 2013. Antioxidant potentials and anticholinesterase activities of methanolic and aqueous extracts of three endemic Centaurea L. species. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 55: 290 - 296.
2. Awad, A.B. and Fink, C. S., 2000. Phytosterols as anticancer dietary components: evidence and mechanism of action. The Journal of nutrition, 130(9): 2127 - 2130.
3. Careri, M., Elviri, L. and Mangia, A., 2001. Liquid chromatography–UV determination and liquid chromatography–atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometric characterization of sitosterol and stigmasterol in soybean oil. Journal of Chromatography, 935(1-2): 249 - 257.
4. Cherng, J.M., Chiang, W. and Chiang, L.C., 2008. Immunomodulatory activities of common vegetables and species of Umbelliferae and its related coumarins and flavonoids. Food chemistry, 106(3): 944 - 950.
5. Chiang, L., Chiang, W., Liu, M. and Lin, C., 2003. In vitro antiviral activities of Caesalpinia pulcherrima and its related flavonoids.Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 52(2): 194 - 198.
6. De La Luz Cádiz-Gurrea, M., Fernández-Arroyo, S., Joven, J. and Segura-Carretero, A., 2013. Comprehensive characterization by UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS from an Eryngium bourgatii extract and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Food Research International, 50(1): 197 - 204.
7. del Carmen Recio, M., Giner, R.M., Máñez, S. and Ríos, J.L., 1995. Structural requirements for the anti-inflammatory activity of natural triterpenoids. Planta medica, 61(02): 182-185.
8. Ebrahimzadeh, M.A., Nabavi, S.F., Nabavi, S.M., 2009. Antioxidant activity of leaves and inflorescence of Eryngium caucasicum Trautv. at flowering stage.Pharmacognosy Research, 1(6):435.
9. Farquar, JW. 1996. Plant sterols: their biological effects in humans. Handbook of lipids in human Nutrition. 101 - 105.
10. Gandhidasan, R., Thamaraichelvan, A. and Baburaj, S., 1991. Anti-inflammatory action of Lannea coromandelica by HRBC membrane stabilization. Fitoterapia, 62(1): 81 - 83.
11. Garcia, M., Saenz, M., Gomez, M. and Fernandez, M., 1999. Topical antiinflammatory activity of phytosterols isolated from Eryngium foetidum on chronic and acute inflammation models. Phytotherapy Research, 13(1): 78 - 80.
12. Geyer, H., Braun, H., Burke, L., Stear, S. and Castell, L., 2011. A–Z of nutritional supplements: dietary supplements, sports nutrition foods and ergogenic aids for health and performance—Part 22. British journal of sports medicine, 45(9): 752 - 754.
13. Gunstone, F.D., 2004. The chemistry of oils and fats. Sources, Composition, Properties and Uses. Great Britain, Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 345p.
14. Hamedi, A., Ghanbari, A., Razavipour, R., Saeidi, V., Zarshenas, M. M., Sohrabpour, M. and Azari, H., 2015a. Alyssum homolocarpum seeds: phytochemical analysis and effects of the seed oil on neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Journal of natural medicines, 69(3): 387 - 396.
15. Hamedi, A., Jamshidzadeh, A., Ahmadi, S., Sohrabpour, M. and Zarshenas, M., 2016. Salvia macrosiphon seeds and seed oil: pharmacognostic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy (RJP), 3(4): 27 - 37.
16. Hamedi, A., Khoshnoud, M.J., Tanideh, N., Abbasi, F., Fereidoonnezhad, M. and Mehrabani, D., 2015b. Reproductive toxicity of Cassia absus seeds in female rats: possible progesteronic properties of chaksine and b-sitosterol. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal, 49(4): 268 - 274.
17. Hamedi, A., Sohrabpour, M., Zarshenas, M. and Pasdaran, A., 2017. Phytochemical Investigation and Quantitative Analysis of the Fatty Acids and Sterol Compounds of Seven Pharmaceutical valuable Seeds. Current Pharmaceutical Analysis, 13(5): 475 - 482.
18. Khoshbakht, K., Hammer, K. and Pistrick, K., 2007. Eryngium caucasicum Trautv. cultivated as a vegetable in the Elburz Mountains (Northern Iran). Genetic resources and crop evolution, 54(2): 445- 448.
19. Kozłowska, M., Gruczyńska, E., Ścibisz, I. and Rudzińska, M., 2016. Fatty acids and sterols composition, and antioxidant activity of oils extracted from plant seeds. Food chemistry, 213(2016): 450-456.
20. Micallef, M. A. and Garg, M. L., 2009. Beyond blood lipids: phytosterols, statins and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid therapy for hyperlipidemia. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 20(12): 927-939.
21. Nogala-Kalucka, M., Rudzinska, M., Zadernowski, R., Siger, A. and Krzyzostaniak, I., 2010. Phytochemical content and antioxidant properties of seeds of unconventional oil plants. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 87(12): 1481 - 1487.
22. Ortega, R.M., Palencia, A. and López-Sobaler, A.M., 2006. Improvement of cholesterol levels and reduction of cardiovascular risk via the consumption of phytosterols. British Journal of Nutrition, 96(1): 89 - 93.
23. Panikashvili, D., Simeonidou, C., Ben-Shabat, S., Hanuš, L., Breuer, A., Mechoulam, R. and Shohami, E., 2001. An endogenous cannabinoid (2-AG) is neuroprotective after brain injury. Nature, 413(6855): 527 - 531.
24. Paul, J.H., Seaforth, C.E. and Tikasingh, T., 2011. Eryngium foetidum L., a review. Fitoterapia, 82(3): 302 - 308.
25. Plazonić, A., Bucar, F., Maleš, Ž., Mornar, A., Nigović, B., and Kujundžić, N. (2009). Identification and quantification of flavonoids and phenolic acids in burr parsley (Caucalis platycarpos L.), using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Molecules,14(7): 2466 - 2490.
26. Raeisi, S., Ojagh, S.M., Sharifi-Red, M., Sharifi-Red, J., Quek, S.Y., 2017. Evaluation of Allium paradoxum (MB) G. Don. and Eryngium caucasicum trauve. Extracts on the shelf‐life and quality of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fillets during refrigerated storage. Journal of Food Safety, 37(3): 123 - 130.
27. Richard, D., Kefi, K., Barbe, U., Bausero, P. and Visioli, F., 2008. Polyunsaturated fatty acids as antioxidants. Pharmacological Research, 57(6): 451 - 455.
28. Seeds, M.C., Nixon, A.B., Wykle, R.L. and Bass, D.A., 1998. Differential activation of human neutrophil cytosolic phospholipase A 2 and secretory phospholipase A 2 during priming by 1, 2-diacyl-and 1-O-alkyl-2-acylglycerols. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1394(2-3): 224 - 234.
29. Shinde, U., Phadke, A., Nair, A., Mungantiwar, A., Dikshit, V. and Saraf, M., 1999. Membrane stabilizing activity—a possible mechanism of action for the anti-inflammatory activity of Cedrus deodara wood oil. Fitoterapia, 70(3): 251 -257.
30. Tian, L. and White, P., 1994. Antioxidant activity of oat extract in soybean and cottonseed oils. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 71(10): 1079 -1086.
31. Ul-ikram, A., Batool Zahra, N., zabtak, Shinvari., Z.K. and Qaiser, M., (2015). Ethnomedicinal review of folklore medicinal plants belonging to family Apiaceae of pakistan. Pakistanjournal of Botany, 47(3): 1007 - 1014.
32. Vukic, M.D., Vokovic, N.L., Djelic, G.T., Abradovic, A., Kacaniova, M.M., Markovic, S., Popović, S. and Baskić, D., 2018. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of different plant organs of Eryngium serbicum L. Industrial Crops and Products, 115: 88 - 97.
33. Wang, T., Hicks, K.B. and Moreau, R., 2002. Antioxidant activity of phytosterols, oryzanol, and other phytosterol conjugates. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 79(12): 1201-1206.
34. Wang, P.; Su, Z.; Yuan, W.; Deng, G.; Li, S., 2012. Phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Eryngium L. (Apiaceae). pharmaceutical crops, 3: 99 - 120.
35. Witkamp, R., 2016. Fatty acids, endocannabinoids and inflammation. European journal of pharmacology, 785: 96 - 107.
36. Wood, J. and Enser, M., 1997. Factors influencing fatty acids in meat and the role of antioxidants in improving meat quality. British Journal of Nutrition, 78(01): 49-60.
37. Wu, X., Beecher, G.R., Holden, J.M., Haytowitz, D.B., Gebhardt, S.E. and Prior, R.L., 2004. Lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant capacities of common foods in the United States. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 52(12): 4026-4037.
38. Yadvara, M., Parle, M., Jindal, D.K., Dhingra, S., 2018. Protective effects of Stigmasterol against ketamine‐induced psychotic symptoms: Possible behavioral, biochemical and histopathological changes in mice. Pharmacological Reports, 70(3): 591-599
39. Yang, B., Koponen, J., Tahvonen, R. and Kallio, H., 2003. Plant sterols in seeds of two species of Vaccinium (V. myrtillus and V. vitis-idaea) naturally distributed in Finland. European Food Research and Technology, 216(1): 34 - 38.
40. Yoshida, Y. and Etsuo, N., 2003. Antioxidant effects of phytosterol and its components. Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology, 49(4): 277 - 280.
41. Youssef, D., Ibrahim, A.K., Khalifa, S. I., Mesbah, M.K., Mayer, A. and Van Soest, R., 2010. New anti-inflammatory sterols from the Red Sea sponges Scalarispongia aqabaensis and Callyspongia siphonella. Natural product communications, 5(1): 27 - 31.
42. Zengin, G., Uysal, S., Ceylan, R. and Aktumsek, A., 2015. Phenolic constituent, antioxidative and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Ornithogalum narbonense L. from Turkey: a phytochemical study. Industrial Crops and Products, 70: 1 - 6.
43. Zhang, M., Yang, X., Zhao, H., Dong, A., Wang, J., Liu, G., Wang, P., Cheng, C. and Zhang, H., 2015. A quick method for routine analysis of C18 trans fatty acids in non-hydrogenated edible vegetable oils by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Food Control, 57: 293-301.