بحران دولت در لیبی و امنیت اروپا

فصلنامه علمی تحقیقات سیاسی و بین المللی

مقاله 7، دوره 11، شماره 39، مرداد 1398، صفحه 147-169   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/pir.2019.667206

نویسندگان

رشید رکابیان^{* 1}؛ مهدی محمدنیا²؛ مهرداد عله پور³

¹دانشگاه هیات علمی گروه علوم سیاسی

²دکترای مطالعات استراتژیک، استادیار علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه ایت ا... العظمی بروچردی

³دانش آموخته ارشد روابط بین الملل دانشگاه گیلان

چکیده

از زمان سرنگونی قذافی، هیچ دولتی تاکنون نتوانسته است با اقتدار، حاکمیت واحدی را در لیبی ایجاد کند. لذا امروزه، لیبی دارای دو دولت مستقل است؛ «دولت وحدت ملی» که توسط سازمان ملل پشتیبانی می‌شود و«دولت موقت» که توسط پارلمان طبرق حامی ژنرال «خلیفه حفتر» در شهر البیضا در شرق این کشور تشکیل شده است. در فضای پساقذافی امید می‌رفت که حکومت جدید بتواند لیبی را به سمت مردم‌سالاری هدایت کند؛ اما در مقام عمل، تقسیم حاکمیت و تعارضات شدید سیاسی میان مدعیان قدرت، بحران اقتدار و ناامنی‌های ناشی از خشونت کنشگران قبیله‌ای و نیروهای سلفی، سبب شده است تا دولت پساقذافی عملاً حائز عنوان دولت ورشکسته شود. امروزه، با شدت گرفتن درگیری‌های میدانی میان گرو‌ه‌های مختلف سیاسی از جمله بین خلیفه حفتر و دولت وفاق ملی در طرابلس، امکان دولت‌سازی در این کشور، در هاله‌ای از ابهام قرار گرفته است. پرسش اصلی مقاله این است: «بحران دولت در شرایط سیاسی نوین لیبی چه تأثیری بر امنیت کشورهای اروپایی دارد؟» فرضیه مقاله این است که «گسترش جنگ داخلی و هرج ومرج در دوران پسا فذافی، موجب شده است تا لیبی به عنوان یک دولت ورشکسته ، به پایگاهی برای مهاجرت گروه های ترورستی و قاچاق انسان به اروپا تبدیل شود.»

کلیدواژه‌ها

«مهاجرت»؛ «لیبی»؛ «امنیت»؛ «اتحادیه اروپا»؛ «تروریسم بین الملل»

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