Optimization of fuel ratio in solution combustion method for fabrication of nickel aluminate spinel used in the esterification reaction

Journal of Nanoanalysis

مقاله 8، دوره 6، شماره 3، آذر 2019، صفحه 205-216   

نوع مقاله: Original Research Paper

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/jna.2019.668032

نویسندگان

Alireza Heydari¹؛ Ali Ahmadpour¹؛ Hamed Nayebzadeh^{* 2}؛ Naser Saghatoleslami³؛ Amir-Hossein Azmoon¹

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

²Esfarayen University of Technology, Esfarayen, North Khorasan, Iran

³1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran 2 Esfarayen University of Technology, Esfarayen, North Khorasan, Iran

چکیده

In this study, the solution combustion method as a simple, fast, and cost-effective method was utilized
for the fabrication of spinel nickel aluminate as a stable material to use in the esterification reaction.
The effect of fuel amount (urea) as an important parameter of the solution combustion method on the
structure, properties, and performance of the sample was evaluated. The results of characterization
analyses revealed the highest crystallinity with the desired diffusion of nickel cations in alumina lattice
was obtained for the sample prepared at a fuel ratio of 1.5. Moreover, a large pore size without any
agglomerated particle was observed because of releasing a huge amount of gases and high reaction
temperature formed during the combustion reaction. The sulfate groups were impregnated on the
NiAl2O4 surface to increase the sample activity in the esterification reaction. The chelating bidentate
structure can confirm suitable bonding of sulfate groups with the surface of NiAl2O4. Evaluating the
nanocatalyst activity in the esterification reaction of oleic acid confirmed the high activity of SO4
2-/
NiAl2O4 nanocatalyst (94.2%) at the optimum condition of 120℃, 6 molar ratio of methanol/oleic acid,
3 wt.% of catalyst, and 3 h reaction time. In addition, stability assessment of nanocatalyst with and
without post-treatment after each run exhibited that the porosity blocking and poisoning of the surface
functional group were the major reasons for reducing the activity of the nanocatalyst. This activity was
increased more than two times when the nanocatalyst was treated by washing and calcination (five
cycles) after each use.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Fabrication highly active and stable NiAl2O4 via solution combustion method