بررسی تطبیقی دیدگاه مونته سوری و لوریس مالاگاتسی درزمینة تربیت اوان کودکی

پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسی

مقاله 6، دوره 16، شماره 62، مهر 1398، صفحه 82-105   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30486/jsre.2019.668045

نویسندگان

شهلا حسینی¹؛ محمدحسین حیدری^{* 2}؛ زهره سعادتمند³

¹دانشجوی دکتری فلسفه تعلیم و تربیت، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)

²دانشیار فلسفه تعلیم و تربیت، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

³دانشیار برنامه‌ریزی درسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، اصفهان، ایران.

چکیده

هدف این پژوهش، مطالعه تطبیقی آموزه‌های مونته سوری و لوریس مالاگاتسی درزمینة تربیت اوان کودکی است. پژوهش حاضر با رویکرد کیفی و با روش تحلیل فرارونده انجام شد. حیطه مطالعه، تمامی منابع نوشتاری و غیر نوشتاری ملی و بین‌المللی در حوزه موضوع پژوهش است. برای انتخاب نمونه از بین منابع و اسناد موجود از روش نمونه‌برداری نظری استفاده شد. در گردآوری داده‌ها نیز از روش فیش‌برداری الکترونیکی استفاده شد. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی از نوع نظام مقوله‌ای قیاسی و در سه مرحله کدگذاری باز، محوری و گزینشی انجام شد. نتایج تحقیق بیانگر وجود تشابهات زیاد بین دیدگاه مونته سوری و مالاگاتسی است. تأکید بر رشد همه‌جانبه کودکان، سازمان‌دهی تلفیقی برنامه درسی، استفاده از فعالیت‌های یادگیری متعدد، توجه به تفاوت‌های فردی کودکان، استفاده از روش‌های تدریس فعال و استفاده از روش‌های سنجش جایگزین یا اصیل از مهم‌ترین تشابهات بین این دو دیدگاه است. بااین‌حال بین دیدگاه مونته سوری و مالاگاتسی درباره عناصر برنامه درسی ازجمله هدف، روش‌های تدریس، نقش معلم و روش‌های سنجش تفاوت‌هایی نیز وجود دارد. در نهایت مهم‌ترین تلویحات دیدگاه مونته سوری و مالاگاتسی برای آموزش‌وپرورش پیش از دبستان ایران ارائه شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تربیت اوان کودکی؛ مونته سوری؛ لوریس مالاگاتسی؛ مطالعه تطبیقی

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