اثرات تیمارهای دودی بر جوانه‌زنی بذرهای استراتیفیکاسیون شده گیاه دارویی- مرتعی کما (Boiss. Ferula ovina)

فیزیولوژی محیطی گیاهی

مقاله 7، دوره 14، شماره 55، مهر 1398، صفحه 79-94   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

نویسندگان

ساناز زرداری¹؛ فرشید قادری‌فر^{* 1}؛ حمیدرضا صادقی پور²؛ ابراهیم زینلی¹؛ الیاس سلطانی³

¹گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

²گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشگاه گلستان، گرگان، ایران

³گروه زراعت، پردیس ابوریحان دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

گیاه کما (Apiaceae)Boiss.  Ferula ovina یک گیاه چندساله دارویی در مراتع و مناطق کوهستانی مرتفع ایران است. جمعیت این گونه دارویی- مرتعی ارزشمند به‌دلیل بهره‌برداری بی‌رویه، تغییر شرایط اقلیمی همین‌طور کمون بذرهای آن در زمان بلوغ رو به کاهش است. در این تحقیق برای نخستین بار اثر تیمارهای دودی (ذرات دود و دو روش تهیه عصاره دودی) حاصل از سوختن کاه گندم بعد از اعمال دوره­های مختلف استراتیفیکاسیون سرد (0، 7، 15 و 30 روز) بر جوانه­زنی بذرهای کما مطالعه شد. بر اساس نتایج، استراتیفیکاسیون باعث تغییر سطح کمون و افزایش درصد و سرعت جوانه­زنی بذرهای کما به طور معنی دار نسبت به شاهد شد. اعمال تیمار ذرات دودی بعد از استراتیفیکاسیون، سرعت و درصد جوانه­زنی بذرها را نسبت به شاهد افزایش داد. بیشترین افزایش درصد جوانه­زنی نسبت به شاهد (20 درصد) در تیمار 2 دقیقه مجاورت با ذرات دود بعد از 7 روز استراتیفیکاسیون سرد مشاهده شد. دو روش عصاره دودی مورد استفاده در این تحقیق در دامنه 001/0 و 01/0 نسبت حجمی بعد از استراتیفیکاسیون جوانه­زنی بذر را افزایش دادند به‌طوری‌که بیشترین درصد جوانه­زنی (80 درصد) از نسبت 001/0 محلول آبی کاه نیم سوز بعد از 30 روز استراتیفیکاسیون به دست آمد، اما محلول پایه دود آب منجر به کاهش درصد جوانه­زنی در تیمارهای 0 و 30 روز استراتیفیکاسیون و تولید گیاهچه­های ضعیف در تمامی دوره­های استراتیفیکاسیون شد. به‌طورکلی، نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که اعمال تیمارهای دودی در این مطالعه سرعت و درصد جوانه­زنی بذرهای استراتیفیکاسیون شده کما را بهبود می‌بخشد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

تیره چتریان؛ ذرات دودی؛ عصاره دودی؛ کاریکین

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