واکاوی پدیدارشناسانه واکنش‌های معلمان نسبت به تغییرات نظام ارزشیابی پیشرفت تحصیلی دوره ابتدایی

پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسی

مقاله 1، دوره 16، شماره 63، دی 1398، صفحه 1-20   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30486/jsre.2019.551439.

نویسندگان

شیوا گوران¹؛ کیوان صالحی^{* 2}؛ محمد جوادی پور³

¹دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد برنامه‌درسی، گروه روش‌ها و برنامه‌های آموزشی و درسی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

²استادیار سنجش آموزش، گروه روش‌ها و برنامه‌های آموزشی و درسی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

³دانشیار برنامه درسی، گروه روش‌ها و برنامه‌های آموزشی و درسی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

معلمان به‌عنوان مؤثرترین نیروی انسانی سازمان آموزش‌وپرورش در اجرای تغییرات محسوب می‌شوند. واکاوی در تجربه زیسته معلمان در تغییرات اخیر نظام ارزشیابی پیشرفت تحصیلی در دوره ابتدایی، زمینه‌ای مناسبی را برای ارتقای کیفیت نظام ارزشیابی پیشرفت تحصیلی، فراهم می‌نماید. پژوهش حاضر، با هدف واکاوی واکنش‌های معلمان نسبت به تغییرات نظام ارزشیابی پیشرفت تحصیلی دوره ابتدایی انجام شده است. مطالعه حاضر مبتنی بر رویکرد کیفی و روش پدیدارشناسی تفسیری، با حضور 14 مشارکت‌کنندة معلم زن‌ومرد در منطقه دو شهر تهران به روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند، با انجام مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته انجام شده و به روش (Diekelmann, Allen and Tanner, 1989) تحلیل گردید. یافته‌ها نشان داد معلمان در کل، نسبت به ماهیت برنامه ارزشیابی توصیفی، نظر مثبتی ندارند. از دیدگاه معلمان تغییرات نظام ارزشیابی باعث شده انتظارات سیستم آموزشی از آنها زیاد شود که این مسئله منجر به شکل‌گیری ذهنیت منفی در معلمان شده است. واکنش معلمان در مقابل تغییرات نظام ارزشیابی در سه مضمون اصلی «صلاحیت‌های حرفه‌ای»، «مشکلات سیستم آموزشی»، «انتظارات سیستم آموزشی» و نُه زیرمضمون، شناسایی و طبقه‌بندی گردید. به‌نظر می‌رسد، تمرکز و علاقه‌مندی به ایجاد تغییر بدون توجه به شرایط تغییر و به‌ویژه تناسب تغییر با بلوغ سازمانی، چالش‌های متعدد و متنوعی را برای نظام آموزشی به همراه داشته است که تداوم آن می‌تواند تبعات مخربی را برای تمامی ارکان نظام آموزشی به همراه داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ادراک معلمان؛ ارزشیابی توصیفی؛ واکنش به تغییر؛ دوره ابتدایی؛ پدیدارشناسی تفسیری

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