The physiological and biochemical responses of directly seeded and transplanted maize (Zea mays L.) supplied with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) under water stress

Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology

مقاله 3، دوره 10، شماره 1، دی 2019، صفحه 3009-3021   

نوع مقاله: Original Article

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/ijpp.2019.670787

نویسندگان

Saeed Rezazadeh¹؛ Mohammadnabi ilkaee^{* 1}؛ Fayaz Aghayari¹؛ Farzad Paknejad¹؛ Mehdi Rezaee²

¹Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran

²Department of Horticulture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran

چکیده

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR) on physiological and biochemical properties of maize (Zea mays L.) in different cultivation methods under water stress. The experiment was carried out as split-plot design including water stress (well-watered, mild stress, and severe stress) as main plot and also cultivation (transplanting and direct seeding) and PGPR application (uninoculated and inoculated with Pseudomonas putida) as subplots.Water stress decreased biological and kernel yield. In direct seeding and no Pseudomonas application, severe stress decreased the kernel yield by 37% compared to the well-watered condition. Water stress resulted in significant reduction of chlorophyll content. However, it was increased by Pseudomonas application. In transplanting plants, well-watered and Pseudomonas application increased the chl. a+b by 41% in comparison with severe stress and no Pseudomonas application. Catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were gradually raised by increasing the water stress. In transplanted plants inoculated with Pseudomonas, severe stress decreased relative water content (RWC) by 23% compared to well-watered plants. In transplanted plants inoculated with Pseudomonas, severe stress increased Malondialdehyde (MAD) by 46% compared to well-watered plants. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) increased by mild water stress and decreased by severe water stress. In directly seeded plants inoculated with Pseudomonas, mild water stress increased TPC by 11% compared to well-watered condition. Compared to well-watered treatment, 54% increases were observed in TFC by mild stress in transplanted plants treated with Pseudomonas. Transplanting and Pseudomonas was concluded to alleviate the adverse effects of water stress on physiological and biochemical traits of maize.  

کلیدواژه‌ها

cultivation method؛ Pseudomonas application؛ relative water content؛ malondialdehyde؛ phenol

مراجع

Ahmad, I., T. Hamid, M. Fatima, H. S. Chand, S. K. Jain, M.  Athar and S. Raisuddin, 2000. 'Induction of hepatic antioxidants in freshwater catfish (Channa punctatus Bloch) is a biomarker of paper mill effluent exposure'. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects, 1523(1): 37-48.

Anjum, S. A., M. Tanveer, U. Ashraf, S. Hussain, B. Shahzad, I. Khan and L. Wang. 2016. 'Effect of progressive drought stress on growth, leaf gas exchange, and antioxidant production in two maize cultivars'. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(17): 17132-17141.

Arnon, D. 1949. 'Copper enzyme in isolated chloroplast and chlorophyll expressed in terms of mg per gram'. Plant Physiology, 24(1): 15-23.

Bárzana, G., R. Aroca and J. M. Ruiz‐Lozano. 2015. 'Localized and non‐localized effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis on accumulation of osmolytes and aquaporins and on antioxidant systems in maize plants subjected to total or partial root drying'. Plant, cell & environment, 38(8): 1613-1627.

Birnbaum S J, J. M. Poole and P. S. Williamson. 2011. 'Reintroduction of star cactus Astrophytum asterias by seed sowing and seedling transplanting, Las Estrellas Preserve, Texas, USA'. Conservation Evidence, 8: 43-52.

Brand-Williams, W., M. E. Cuvelier and C. L. W. T. Berset, 1995. 'Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity'. LWT-Food science and Technology, 28(1): 25-30.

Beauchamp, C. and I. Fridovich. 1971. 'Superoxide dismutase: improve assays and an essay applicable to acrylamide gels'. Annals of Biochemistry, 44: 276-287

Calvo-Polanco, M., B. Sánchez-Romera, R. Aroca, M. J. Asins, S. Declerck, I. C. Dodd and J. M. Ruiz-Lozano. 2016. 'Exploring the use of recombinant inbred lines in combination with beneficial microbial inoculants (AM fungus and PGPR) to improve drought stress tolerance in tomato'. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 131: 47-57.

Chandlee, J. M. and J. G. Scandalios. 1984. 'Analysis of variants affecting the catalase developmental program in maize scutellum'. Theoretical and applied genetics, 69(1): 71-77.

Chen, D., S. Wang, B. Cao, D. Cao, G. Leng, H. Li, and X.  Deng. 2016. 'Genotypic variation in growth and physiological response to drought stress and re-watering reveals the critical role of recovery in drought adaptation in maize seedlings'. Frontiers in Plant Science, 6: 1241-1249.

Chen, G. F. and D. W. Schemske. 2019. 'Adaptation to seasonal drought in two closely related species of Neotropical Costus (Costaceae)'. Biotropica, 51(3): 311-315.

Christie, P. J., M. R. Alfenito, and V. Walbot. 1994. 'Impact of low-temperature stress on general phenylpropanoid and anthocyanin pathways: enhancement of transcript abundance and anthocyanin pigmentation in maize seedlings'. Planta, 194(4): 541-549.

Danish, S., and M. Zafar-ul-Hye. 2019. 'Co-application of ACC-deaminase producing PGPR and timber-waste biochar improves pigments formation, growth and yield of wheat under drought stress'. Scientific reports, 9(1): 5999.

Dat, J. F., H. Lopez-Delgado, H. Foyer and I. M. Scott. 1998. 'Parallel changes in H₂O₂ and catalase during thermos tolerance induced by salicylic acid or heat acclimation in mustard seedlings'. Plant Physiology, 116(4): 1351-1357.

de Oliveira, D. M., A. L. A. de Lima, N. B. Diniz, C. E. Santos, S. L. F. da Silva and A. D. N. Simões. 2018. 'Inoculation of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria in Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão supports in tolerance to drought stress'. Journal of plant interactions, 13(1):91-99.

Djemel, A., F. Z. Cherchali, M. Benchikh-Le-Hocine, R. A. Malvar and P. Revilla. 2018. 'Assessment of drought tolerance among Algerian maize populations from oases of the Saharan'. Euphytica, 214(8): 149.

Dong H Z, Li W J, W. Tang, Z. H. Li, and D. M. Zhang. 2005.' Increased yield and revenue with a seedling transplanting system for hybrid seed production in Bt cotton'. Journal of agronomy and crop science, 191(2): 116-124.

Farooq, M., A. Wahid, N. Kobayashi, D. Fujita and S. M. A. Basra. 2009. 'Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management'. In Sustainable agriculture (pp. 153-188). Springer, Dordrecht.

Gharbi, Y., M. Barkallah, E. Bouazizi, K. Hibar, R. Gdoura and M. A. Triki. 2017. 'Lignification, phenols accumulation, induction of PR proteins and antioxidant-related enzymes are key factors in the resistance of Olea europaea to Verticillium wilt of olive'. Acta physiologiae plantarum, 39(2): 43-49.

Ghosh, D., S. Sen and S. Mohapatra. 2018. 'Drought-mitigating Pseudomonas putida GAP-P45 modulates proline turnover and oxidative status in Arabidopsis thaliana under water stress'. Annals of microbiology, 68(9): 579-594.

Golldack, D., C. Li, H. Mohan and N. Probst. 2014. 'Tolerance to drought and salt stress in plants: unraveling the signaling networks'. Frontiers in plant science, 5: 151.

Gontia‐Mishra, I., S. Sapre, S., A. Sharma and S. Tiwari, S. 2016. 'Amelioration of drought tolerance in wheat by the interaction of plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria'. Plant Biology, 18(6): 992-1000.

Grabber, J. H., C. Davidson, Y. Tobimatsu, H. Kim, F. Lu, Y.Zhu, M. Opietnik ,N. Santoro,CE Foster, F. Yue ,D. Ress ,X. Pan and J. Ralph 2019. 'Structural features of alternative lignin monomers associated with improved digestibility of artificially lignified maize cell walls'. Plant Science. 287, 110070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.02.004.

Guidi, L., E. Degl'Innocenti, D. Remorini, R. Massai and M. Tattini. 2008. 'Interactions of water stress and solar irradiance on the physiology and biochemistry of Ligustrum vulgare'. Tree Physiology, 28(6): 873-883.

Ithal, N. and A. R. Reddy. 2004. 'Rice flavonoid pathway genes, OsDfr and OsAns, are induced by dehydration, high salt and ABA, and contain stress responsive promoter elements that interact with the transcription activator, OsC1-MYB'. Plant Science, 166(6): 1505-1513.

Johnkutty I, G. Mathew and J. Mathew. 2006. 'Comparison between transplanting and direct-seeding methods for crop establishment in rice'. Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 40: 65-66.

Kaushal, M., and S. P. Wani. 2016. 'Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria: drought stress alleviators to ameliorate crop production in drylands'. Annals of Microbiology, 66(1), 35-42.

Khoyerdi, F. F., M. H. Shamshiri and A. Estaji. 2016. 'Changes in some physiological and osmotic parameters of several pistachio genotypes under drought stress'. Scientia horticulturae, 198: 44-51.

Lakra N, N. K. Nutan, P. Das, K. Anwar, S. L. Singla-Pareek and A. Pareek. 2015. 'A nuclear-localized histone-gene binding protein from rice (OsHBP1b) functions in salinity and drought stress tolerance by maintaining chlorophyll content and improving the antioxidant machinery'. Journal of plant physiology, 176: 36-46.

Lampayan R, M. K. Samoy-Pascual, E. B. Sibayan, V. B. Ella, O. P. Jayag, R. J. Cabangon and B. A. M. Bouman. 2015. 'Effects of alternate wetting and drying (AWD) threshold level and plant seedling age on crop performance, water input, and water productivity of transplanted rice in Central Luzon, Philippines'. Paddy and Water Environment, 13(3): 215-227.

Liu, H., X. Wang, D. Wang, Z. Zou and Z. Liang. 2011. 'Effect of drought stress on growth and accumulation of active constituents in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge'. Industrial Crops and Products, 33(1): 84-88.

Liu, M., X. Li, Y. Liu and B. Cao. 2013. 'Regulation of flavanone 3-hydroxylase gene involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in response to UV-B radiation and drought stress in the desert plant, Reaumuria soongorica'. Plant physiology and biochemistry, 73: 161-167.

Ma, D., D. Sun, C. Wang, Y. Li and T. Guo. 2014. 'Expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes and accumulation of flavonoid in wheat leaves in response to drought stress'. Plant physiology and biochemistry, 80: 60-66.

Naiman, A. D., A. Latrónico and I. E. G. de Salamone. 2009. 'Inoculation of wheat with Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens: impact on the production and culturable rhizosphere microflora'. European Journal of Soil Biology, 45(1): 44-51.

Ohyama, Y., J. Ito, V. J. Kitano, J. Shimada and Y. Hakeda. 2018. 'The polymethoxy flavonoid sudachitin suppresses inflammatory bone destruction by directly inhibiting osteoclastogenesis due to reduced ROS production and MAPK activation in osteoclast precursors'. PloS one, 13(1): e0191192.

Osakabe, Y., K. Osakabe, K. Shinozaki and L. S. P. Tran. 2014. 'Response of plants to water stress'. Frontiers in plant science, 5: 86.

Rahimzadeh, S. and A. Pirzad. 2017. 'Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas in reduce drought stress damage in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.): A field study'. Mycorrhiza, 27(6): 537-552.

Ruiz‐Lozano, J. M., R. Aroca, A. M. Zamarreño, S. Molina, B. Andreo‐Jiménez, R. Porcel and J. A. López‐Ráez. 2016. 'Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis induces strigolactone biosynthesis under drought and improves drought tolerance in lettuce and tomato'. Plant, Cell & Environment, 39(2): 441-452.

Sánchez, F. J., M. Manzanares, E. F. de Andres, J.L. Tenorio and L. Ayerbe. 1998. 'Turgor maintenance, osmotic adjustment and soluble sugar and proline accumulation in 49 pea cultivars in response to water stress'. Field crops research, 59(3): 225-235.

Sandhya, V. S. K. Z., S. Z. Ali, M. Grover, G. Reddy and B. Venkateswarlu. 2010. 'Effect of plant growth promoting Pseudomonas spp. on compatible solutes, antioxidant status and plant growth of maize under drought stress'. Plant Growth Regulation, 62(1): 21-30.

Sarker, U. and S. Oba. 2018. 'Response of nutrients, minerals, antioxidant leaf pigments, vitamins, polyphenol, flavonoid and antioxidant activity in selected vegetable amaranth under four soil water content'. Food chemistry, 252: 72-83.

Sharma, S. B., R. Z. Sayyed, M. H. Trivedi and T. A.  Gobi. 2013. 'Phosphate solubilizing microbes: sustainable approach for managing phosphorus deficiency in agricultural soils'. Springer Plus, 2(1): 587-292.

Shivakrishna P, K. A. Reddy and D. M. Rao. 2018. 'Effect of PEG-6000 imposed drought stress on RNA content, relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll content in peanut leaves and roots'. Saudi journal of biological sciences, 25(2): 285-289.

Sinha, S. and R. Raghuwanshi. 2016. 'Synergistic effects of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and mycorrhizal helper bacteria on physiological mechanism to tolerate drought in Eclipta prostrata (L.).' J Pure Appl Microbiol, 10(2): 1117-1129.

Sourour, A., O. Afef, R. Mounir and B. Y. Mongi. 2017.' A review: morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular plant responses to water deficit stress'. Int J Eng Sci, 6: 1-4.

Srivastava, S., S. Bhugra, B. Lall and S. Chaudhury. 2017. 'Drought stress classification using 3D plant models'. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (pp. 2046-2054).

Sudahir, Y., G. Gill. E. Humphreys, S. S. Kukal and U. S. Walia. 2011. 'Effect of water management on dry seeded and puddled transplanted rice'. Part 1: Crop performance. Field Crops Research, 120(1) :112-122.

Tafteh, A. and A. R. Sepaskhah 2012. 'Yield and nitrogen leaching in maize field under different nitrogen rates and partial root drying irrigation'. International Journal of plant production, 6(1): 93-114.

Timmusk, S., I. A. A. El-Daim, L. Copolovici, T. Tanilas, A. Kännaste, L. Behers and U. Niinemets. 2014. 'Drought-tolerance of wheat improved by rhizosphere bacteria from harsh environments: enhanced biomass production and reduced emissions of stress volatiles'. PloS one, 9(5): e96086.

Trenberth, K. E., A. Dai, A., G. Van Der Schrier, P. D. Jones, J. Barichivich, K. Briffa and J. Sheffield, J. (2014). 'Global warming and changes in drought'. Nature Climate Change, 4(1): 17-23.

Verma, S. and R. S. Dubey. 2003. 'Lead toxicity induces lipid peroxidation and alters the activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice plants'. Plant Science, 164(4), 645-655.

Ye, J., S. Wang, X. Deng, L. Yin, B. Xiong and X  Wang. 2016. 'Melatonin increased maize (Zea mays L.) seedling drought tolerance by alleviating drought-induced photosynthetic inhibition and oxidative damage'. Acta physiologiae plantarum, 38(2): 48-53.

Yuan, Y., L. Shuai, S. Chen, L. Huang, S. Qin and Z. Yang. 2012. 'Flavonoids and antioxidative enzymes in temperature-challenged roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi'. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 67(1-2): 77-85.

Zaheer, M. S. 2019. 'Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Cytokinins on the Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under drought'. (Doctoral dissertation, Islamia University, Bahawalpur.).

 

Zai X M, S. N. Zhu, P. Qin, X. Y.  Wang, L. Che and F. X. Luo. 2012. 'Effect of Glomus mosseae on chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence

 

 

       parameters, and chloroplast ultrastructure of beach plum (Prunus maritima) under NaCl stress'. Photosynthetica, 50(3): 323-328.

Zhang T, Y. Hu Y, K. Zhang K, C. Tian and J. Guo. 2018. 'Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve plant growth of Ricinus communis by altering photosynthetic properties and increasing pigments under drought and salt stress'. Industrial crops and products, 117: 13-19.