بررسی برخی پاسخ‌های مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاه دارویی بادرشبویه (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) به سلنیوم تحت تنش شوری

فیزیولوژی محیطی گیاهی

مقاله 1، دوره 14، شماره 56، دی 1398، صفحه 13-27   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

نویسندگان

علیرضا ایرانبخش؛ سارا سعادتمند؛ رمضانعلی خاوری نژاد^* ؛ بیتا زاجی

گروه زیست‌شناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

شوری یکی از مهم‌ترین تهدیدهای محیطی است که بر رشد، توسعه و بهره‌وری گیاهان اثر می‌گذارد، لذا دسترسی به روش‌های کاهش اثرات منفی آن بر روی گیاهان  امری ضروری  به نظر می رسد. به همین منظور، آزمایشی گلخانه‌ای در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با تیمارهای شوری (0، 25، 50 و 75 میلی‌مولار) و محلول‌پاشی سلنیوم (0، 5، 10 میکرومولار) اجرا گردید تا نقش احتمالی سلنیوم در تنظیم بردباری گیاه دارویی بادرشبویه به شوری مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. در این راستا محلول‌پاشی‌ پس از استقرار گیاهچه‌ها در سه مرحله زمانی، هم‌زمان با اعمال تنش شوری و سپس به فاصله هر هفته یک‌بار انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که شاخص‌های رشد، رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی و محتوای نسبی آب برگ گیاهان بادرشبویه تحت تأثیر تنش شوری در سطوح مختلف به‌طور معنی‌دار کاهش پیدا کردند. محلول‌پاشی سلنیوم به‌ویژه در غلظت کم سبب بهبود کلیه صفات ذکرشده در شرایط تنش شوری گردید. در مقابل، سطح بالای سلنیوم سبب تشدید اثر منفی شوری شد، به‌طوری‌که حداکثر میزان مالون‌دی‌آلدئید، نشت الکترولیتی و پتانسیل‌آب توسط سلنیوم (10 میکرومولار) در شرایط تنش شوری شدید (75 میلی‌مولار) حاصل گردید و منجر به تجمع پرولین و قندهای محلول شد. این بررسی نشان داد  تیمار سلنیوم در غلظت پایین نقش بسزایی در کاهش اثرات مضر شوری از طریق افزایش رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی، حفظ یکپارچگی غشاء، کاهش پتانسیل‌آب و انباشت محلول‌های سازگار داشته و در نتیجه سبب بهبود عملکرد گیاهان بادرشبویه تحت تنش شوری شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پتانسیل‌آب؛ رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی؛ سلنیوم؛ مالون‌دی‌آلدئید؛ محلول‌های سازگار؛ نشت الکترولیتی

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