اثر سطوح مختلف کود آلی ورمی‌کمپوست و آزومیت بر فاکتورهای رشدی، بیوشیمیایی و جذب عناصر غذایی مرزه تابستانه (Satureja hortensis L.)

فیزیولوژی محیطی گیاهی

مقاله 8، دوره 14، شماره 56، دی 1398، صفحه 57-73   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

نویسندگان

رسول نریمانی¹؛ محمد مقدم^{* 1}؛ حسن ابراهیمی²؛ دانیال شکوهی³

¹گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

²گروه خاکشناسی شرکت کشاورزی و دامپروری کاوندیش نیشابور، نیشابور، ایران

³گروه بیوتکنولوژی و به‌نژادی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

ورمی‌کمپوست به‌عنوان کود زیستی، از طریق بهبود خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی خاک و افزایش جذب عناصر غذایی توسط گیاه و آزومیت با داشتن طیف کاملی از عناصر مفید، سبب افزایش عملکرد و بهبود صفات رشدی گیاهان می‌شوند. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف ورمی‌کمپوست و آزومیت بر عملکرد و برخی ویژگی‌های کیفی و جذب عناصر معدنی در مرزه تابستانه آزمایشی در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال 1396 به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی با دو فاکتور شامل کود آلی ورمی‌کمپوست و آزومیت به‌ترتیب در چهار سطح (0، 5، 10 و 15 درصد) و (0، 3، 6 و 9 گرم در کیلوگرم خاک) و در سه تکرار انجام شد. صفات مورد بررسی شامل ارتفاع گیاه، وزن‌تر و خشک بوته، تعداد شاخه‌فرعی، محتوای رطوبت نسبی، رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی، فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی، میزان فنل کل و کربوهیدرات محلول و همچنین جذب عناصر غذایی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که استفاده توأم ورمی‌کمپوست و آزومیت به‌ویژه سطوح 10 و 15 درصد ورمی‌کمپوست به همراه کاربرد 3 گرم آزومیت در کیلوگرم خاک سبب افزایش معنی‌دار صفات رشدی گیاه از قبیل وزن‌تر و خشک برگ و ساقه، طول میانگره و قطر ساقه و صفات بیوشیمیایی نظیر محتوای رطوبت نسبی، میزان قند محلول و رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی نسبت به گیاهان شاهد (عدم کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست و آزومیت) گردید. برهمکنش بین ورمی‌کمپوست و آزومیت بر غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر، سدیم، آهن، روی و منگنز برگ مرزه تأثیر معنی‌داری داشت؛ به‌طوری‌که استفاده از ورمی‌کمپوست (سطوح 10 و 15 درصد) همراه با آزومیت (در هر سه سطح) سبب افزایش قابل‌توجه غلظت این عناصر نسبت به شاهد گردید. همچنین مشاهده گردید که استفاده از ورمی‌کمپوست به‌تنهایی سبب افزایش معنی‌دار میزان پتاسیم و منیزیم در گیاه نسبت به تیمار بدون کود گشت. درمجموع نتایج حاصل از این آزمایش نشان داد که استفاده از کود ورمی‌کمپوست و خاک معدنی آزومیت می‌تواند باعث بهبود صفات کمی و کیفی و جذب عناصر غذایی در گیاه مرزه تابستانه شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی؛ شاخص‌های رشدی؛ عناصر غذایی؛ فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی؛ کود آلی

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