دانش‌پژوهی تدریس، کارکرد مغفول دانشگاهی در ایران؛ تأملی بر پدیدة سایش

پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسی

مقاله 7، دوره 17، شماره 64، اردیبهشت 1399، صفحه 103-120   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30486/jsre.2020.583969.1324

نویسنده

زهرا رشیدی^*

استادیار گروه نوآوری آموزشی و درسی، مؤسسة پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی آموزش عالی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی مسائل موجود بر دانش‌پژوهی تدریس اعضای هیئت‌علمی به واکاوی پدیده سایش با توجه به بافت حاکم بر دانشگاه‌های ایران پرداخته است. این پژوهش در پارادایم تفسیرگرایی با رویکرد کیفی و بر اساس روش پژوهش نظریة داده‌بنیاد (مبنایی)، با 19 عضو هیئت‌علمی دارای مرتبه استادیاری و در دو حوزة علوم انسانی و مهندسی دانشگاه‌های جامع شهر تهران از طریق مصاحبه‌های عمیق نیمه ساختارمند به صورت هدفمند و با استفاده از راهبردهای نمونه‌گزینی با حداکثر تنوع انجام شده است. تحلیل داده‌های حاصل درسه مرحله کدگذاری باز، محوری و گزینشی صورت پذیرفت. بر اساس یافته‌ها، پدیدة سایش در آموزش عالی ایران دارای ابعاد کلامی و اجتماعی است. این پدیده به دلیل شرایط سازمانی و فردی ظهور یافته (عوامل علّی) و به واکنش‌هایی چون اجتناب و تقابل (راهبرد) منجر شده است. این واکنش‌ها تحت تأثیر پاسخ مسئولان، تاب‌آوری (شرایط مداخله‌گر)، ساختار و فرهنگ دانشگاهی (شرایط زمینه‌ای) بروز پیدا کرده و به آسیب‌پذیری شغلی، فردی و اجتماعی (پیامد) منجر شده‌اند. نتایج بیانگر آن است که، کارکرد آموزش در این بستر در سه سطح تدریس خوب (مبتنی بر تجربة فردی)، تدریس عالمانه (مبتنی بر تلفیق دانش محتوایی و پداگوژی) و دانش‌پژوهی آموزشی (نشر دانش مدرسی) تعریف شده است. از منظر اعضای هیئت‌علمی با توجه به گسترة پدیدة سایش، فرایندهای تدریس مبتنی بر تجربة شخصی انجام می‌شود و به‌طور سازمان‌دهی‌شده، برنامه‌های توانمندسازی و نشر دانش مدرسی، پیش‌بینی نشده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

دانش‌پژوهی تدریس؛ اعضای هیئت‌علمی؛ آموزش عالی ایران؛ پدیدة سایش؛ نظریة داده‌بنیاد

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