تحلیل کیفی چالش‌های کارآفرینی زنان در شرکت‌های تعاونی (مطالعه موردی: استان کرمانشاه)

زن و مطالعات خانواده

مقاله 3، دوره 12، شماره 44، شهریور 1398، صفحه 63-84   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/jwsf.2019.673385

نویسندگان

بیژن رضایی^{* 1}؛ صبا امیری²

¹استادیار، گروه مدیریت و کارآفرینی، دانشگاه رازی ، کرمانشاه، ایران

²دانشجوی دکتری گروه مدیریت وکارآفرینی، دانشگاه رازی ، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

 پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحلیل کیفی چالش‌های کارآفرینی زنان در شرکت‌های تعاونی استان کرمانشاه انجام شد. روش پژوهش، کیفی از نوع مطالعه موردی بود و داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه عمیق نیمه‌ساختارمند با 23 نفر از زنان کارآفرین که بر پایه روش نمونه‌گیری نظری انتخاب شدند، گردآوری شد. بر پایه نتایج حاصل از تحلیل محتوا، چالش‌های کارآفرینی زنان به دو دسته عوامل پیش‌برنده و بازدارنده تقسیم گردید؛ عوامل پیش‌برنده در طبقه انتخابی «توسعه متوازن و درونزا» در دو مقوله عوامل زمینه‌ای و ساختاری دسته‌بندی شدند که در آن، مهم‌ترین اولویت‌ها عبارت‌ بود از دقت در انجام کار، علاقه به حوزه کاری، بهره‌گیری از حمایت اطرافیان، شرایط محیطی مناسب، و برگزار شدن دوره‌های آموزشی؛ همچنین عوامل بازدارنده در طبقه انتخابی «مشکلات بخش اجرا» شامل دو مقوله ضعف زیرساخت‌ها و نارسایی‌های حمایتی و سیاستی دولت و سازمان‌ها و طبقه انتخابی «مشکلات بخش تولید» شامل مقوله‌های مشکلات زنجیره تولید، توزیع و نظارت دسته‌بندی شدند که نبود فضای مناسب، عدم اعتماد به یکدیگر، عدم حمایت دولت از تولیدکنندگان، نرخ بالای بهره بانکی، عدم رسیدگی به مشکلات در حوزه تولید، نوسان شدید بازار و قیمت‌ نهاده‌ها، و آسیب دیدن محصولات، مهم‌ترین اولویت‌ها را تشکیل دادند. در نهایت، پیشنهاداتی به جهت بهبود وضعیت کارآفرینی زنان ارائه گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تحلیل کیفی؛ چالش؛ کارآفرینی زنان؛ تعاونی؛ استان کرمانشاه

مراجع

Ahirrao, J., Sadavarte, M. N. (2010). Social & financial constraints of rural women entrepreneurs: A case study of Jalna District in Maharashtra. International Referred Research Journal, 3 (26), 14-18.

Alikhani Dad Vokalaee, M. (2014). The leading women's challenges in farming entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship in agriculture, 1 (4), 19-32. [Persian].

Ansari, H. (2006). Cooperatives in the third Millennium, Publication of the Ministry of Cooperatives. Research Assistant, education and exaction. [Persian].

Ansari, M., Nabipour, M., & Haghighi, M. (2010). Strategies for removing barriers to women's entrepreneurship in Tehran. Business and Society, 129, 104-114. [Persian].

Arasti, Z., Maleki Karamabad, M. (2014). Official and informal institutional factors influencing the implementation of social entrepreneurship by women. Journal of Social-Psychological Studies of Women, 12 (1), 97-118. [Persian].

Archibong, C. A.  (2004). Technology, infrastructure and entrepreneurship: Role of the government in building a sustainable economy. School of business and economics North Carolina & T State University.

Cronies, S.  (2006). Understanding enterprise, entrepreneurship and small business. Macmillan, Basingstoke, 5, 243-246.

Ghadermarzi, H., Jamshidi, A. R., Amini, D., & Nazari, H., (2015). Identifying the Barriers to Entrepreneurship Development for Rural Women (Case Study: Shalil Village - Ardal County). Scientific Publications System, 5 (17), 103-118. [Persian].

Ganesan, S. (2006). Status of women entrepreneurs in India. New Delhi: Kanishka publications.

Golabi, S., Ebrahimi, M. S., Alibeygi, A. H. (2014). Analysis of the Participation of Falavarjan Rural Women in Cooperatives: Application of the Participation Ladder of arnisThen. Journal of Women and Society, 4 (4), 23-46. [Persian].

Hashemi, H., Pouraminzad, S. (2010). Challenges of Human Resource Management in Iranian Organizations, Conducting Management and Leadership Challenges in Iranian Organizations, Isfahan. Islamic Azad University. [Persian].

Heriot, K., Campbell, N. (2002). A new approach to rural entrepreneurship: a case study of two rural electric cooperatives. Available in: Western Kentucky University, and Noel D, Campbell, North Georgia College & State University.

Hibri, A.  (1999). Women and Islam, London: Paragon Press.

Heydari Sareban, V. (2012). Prioritizing the Effective Barriers on the Entrepreneurship of Rural Women Using AHP Method, a Case Study of Ardabil Province. Women Socio-Psychological Studies, 10 (2), 159-177. [Persian].

Heydari Sureshjani, R., Ghashool, H. (2017). Analysis and Evaluation of Women's Employment in Urban Spaces Using SWOT-AHP Model (Case Study: Women Employed in Kashan City in 1396). Journal of Women and Society, 3 (9), 173-200. [Persian].

Itohara, Y., Hoque, M. (2008). Participation and decision making role of rural women in economic activities: A comparative study for members and non-members of the micro-credit organizations in Bangladesh. Journal of Social Sciences, 4 (3), 229-236.

Javaheri, F., Ghezavati, S. (2005). The Impact of Gender Inequality on Women's Entrepreneurship in Iran: Barriers to Job Launch for Women. Iranian Sociology, 18, 161-178. [Persian].

Kalantari, Kh., Lavaee Adriyani, R. (2017). Identifying and explaining the challenges of rural cooperatives in Iran by using the basic theory approach. Cooperative and Agricultural Quarterly, 5 (17), 34-51. [Persian].

Karimi, Z. (2007). The role of government support in creating jobs for women. Case study: Mazandaran Women's Cooperatives. Women's Entrepreneurship Conferences and Challenges. Women's Association of Entrepreneurs. [Persian].

Kazemi, A., Moghimi, B. (2018). A Study on the Obstacles to the Development of Women's Entrepreneurship in Iran Using Analytical Hierarchy Process. Journal of Women and Society, 9 (2), 249-274. [Persian].

Ktabi, M., Yazdkhasti, B., & Farokhi Rastabi, Z. (2003). Empowering Women to Participate in Development. Journal of Women's Research, 3 (7), 5-30. [Persian].

Kiakajoori, K., Rudgarnejad, F, & Pourisi, M. (2012). Presenting the conceptual model of effective barriers on rural entrepreneurship development. National conference on rural development, Rasht, Guilan University. [Persian].

Roknoddin Eftekhari, A., Sajasy Qidari, H. (2009). Rural Development with Emphasis on Entrepreneurship, Tehran: Publication. [Persian].

Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare (2011). History of co-operation in the world. Available at: http://as.mcls.gov.ir/SP_Page.aspx?t=history. [Persian].

Mohajerani, M. (2008). Development of rural cooperatives in Iran. Cooperatives and Village Quarterly, 10 (4), 1-13. [Persian].

Momeni Zadeh, N. (2014). Comparative Analysis of Female Heads of Households. Journal of Economics, 3 & 4, 120-95. [Persian].

Nasrollahi, M., Allahyari, M. S., Sedaghathoor, Sh., and Noorhosseini, A. (2016). Factors Affecting the Failure of Tea Tavern Cooperatives in Guilan Province. Cooperatives and Agriculture, 4 (14), 111-126. [Persian].

Nawaz, F.  (2009). Critical factors of women entrepreneurship development in rural Bangladesh, U.S.A:  BDR.

Roshaniya, D., Khademi, R., & Ghoudi, S. (2015). Challenges and Obstacles of Women's Entrepreneurship. Social, Scientific and Cultural Workers and Society Monthly, 88, 64-74. [Persian].

Saber, F. (2003). Ways of Women's Entrepreneurship Development in Iran: Ways to Empower Women for Economic, Social and Political Equity. Tehran: Roshangan Publishing and Women's Studies. [Persian].

Sathiabama, K. (2010). Rural women empowerment and entrepreneurship development. From: https://ideas.repec.org/p/ess/wpaper/id2475.html.

Sharifi, Z., Irvani, H., & Daneshvar, Zh. (2015). Analysis of contributing and inhibiting factors in development of rural women's employment at Najaf Abad. Journal of Women and Society, 6 (1), 1-20. [Persian].

Shateriyan, M., Nasrabadi, Z., & Mansourian, F. (2017). An analysis of the obstacles to entrepreneurship in rural women in kashan city. Quarterly Journal of Rural Space and Rural Development, 6 (21), 181-196. [Persian].

Sheikhan, N. (2011). Programms for women entrepreneurship develpement in selected countries. Social welfare, 40, 259-286. [Persian].

Ünal, V., Güçlüsoy, H., & Franquesa, R. (2009). A comparative study of success and failure of fishery cooperatives in the Aegean Turkey. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 25 (4), 394-400.

Urbano, D., Toledano, N., & Soriano, D. (2010). Analyzing social entrepreneurship from an institutional perspective: Evidence from Spain. Journal of Social Entrepreneursh, 1, 54-69.

Verheul, I. (2001). An eclectic theory of entrepreneurship. Tinbergen institute discussion paper. Indianapolis: institute for development strategies, Indiana University.

Wendy, T., Chong, S. (2007). Theorizing a framework of factors influencing performance of women entrepreneurs in Malaysia. Asia entrepreneurship and sustainability, 5, 42-46.

Wong, P., Ho, Y. & Singh, A. (2007). Towards an entrepreneurial university model to support knowledge-based economic development: The ease of the national university Singapore. World development, 35, 941-958.