Evaluation Effect of Different level of Nitrogen and Cutting Height on Morphological Traits, Seed Protein Content and Prussic Acid Concentration of Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L., cv. Speed feed)

Journal of Crop Nutrition Science

مقاله 3، دوره 5، شماره 3، آذر 2019، صفحه 26-35   

نویسندگان

Zahra Gholiporkahyash^{1، 2}؛ Mojtaba Alavifazel^{* 2}؛ Mohamad Reza Dadnia²

¹MSc. Graduated, Department of Agronomy, Khuzestan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.

²Department of Agronomy, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.

چکیده

BACKGROUND: Nitrogen is a crucial component of plant nutrition, and its deficiency limits productivity of crops more than any other element. To manage the sorghum crop for achievement of maximum forage production, the farmer should be concerned about nitrogen requirement and plant height.
OBJECTIVES: This research was carried out to evaluate response of morphological traits, seed protein content and prussic acid concentration of Sorghum to different level of urea fertilizer and cutting height.
METHODS: Current study was conducted via split plot experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications along 2012 year. The main factor included three level of urea fertilizer (200, 300 and 400 kg.ha^-1) and three level of cutting height (7, 12 and 14 cm) belonged to subfactor.
RESULT: Result of analysis of variance revealed effect of different level of urea fertilizer, cutting height and interaction effect of treatments on all studied characteristics was significant at 5% probability level. Assessment mean comparison result of interaction effect of treatments on all measured traits indicated the maximum amount of seed yield (693 gr.m^-2), panicle length (15.43 cm), stem diameter (15.90 cm), plant height (174.73 cm), prussic acid concentration (276.96 ppm) and seed protein concentration (10.90%) were noted for 400 kg.ha^-1 urea and 7cm of cutting height and lowest amount of mentioned traits belonged to 200 kg.ha^-1 urea and 17cm of cutting height treatment.
CONCLUSION: Generally result of studied research revealed 400 kg.ha^-1 urea fertilizer and 7cm cutting height had the highest amount of studied characteristics and it can be advice to farmers.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Fertilizer؛ Forage؛ Nutrition؛ Qualitative traits؛ Urea

مراجع

Adesoji, A. G., J. O. Ogunwole. and E. A. Ojoko. 2018. Productivity of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) under incorporated legumes and nitrogen fertilization in semi-arid environment. FUDMA J. Sci. 2(3): 105-111.

Almodares, A., M. Jafarinia. and M. R. Hadi. 2009. The effects of nitrogen fertilizer on chemical compositions in corn and sweet sorghum. American-Eurasian J. Agri. Environ. Sci. 6 (4): 441-446.

Amanullah, H., K. B. Marwat, P. Shan, N.Maula. and S. Arifullah. 2009. Nitrogen levels and its time of application influence leaf area, height and biomass of maize planted at low and high density. Pak. J. Bot. 41: 761-768.

AOAC. 1990. Official methods of analysis, association of official analytical chemists. 15^th Ed. Arlington. Virginia. USA.

Ayadi, S., Ch. Karmous, Z. Hammami, Y. Trif. and S. Rezgui. 2014. Variation of durum wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency under Mediterranean Rainfed Environment. Int. J. Agri. Crop Sci. 7(10): 693-699.

Borrell, A. and G. L. Hammer. 2000. Nitrogen dynamics and the physiological basis of stay-green in sorghum. Crop Sci. 40: 1295–1307.

Bremner, J. M. and G. A. Breitenbeck. 1983. A simple method for determination of ammonium in semi micro Kjeldahl analysis of soils and plant materials using a block digester. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 14: 905-913.

Brown, B. 2010. Nitrogen timing for boot stage triticale forage yield and phosphorus uptake. Western Nutrient Manage. Conf. 8: 62-67.

Cox, W. J. and D. J. R. Cherney. 2001. Row spacing, plant density, and nitrogen effects on corn silage. Agronomy J. 93: 597–602.

Garg, B. K., S. Kathju. and S. P. Vyas .2005. Salinity-fertility interaction on growth. Photosynthesis and nitrate reductase activity in sesame. Indian J. Plant Physiol. 10: 162-167.

Gardner, J. C., J. W. Maranville. and E. T. Paparozzi. 1994. Nitrogen use efficiency among diverse sorghum cultivars. Crop Sci. 34: 728-733.

Hammad, H. M., A. Ahmad, A. Wajid. and J. Akhter. 2011. Maize response to time and rate of nitrogen application. Pak. J. Bot. 43: 1935-1942.

Karic, L., S. Vukasinovic. and D. Znidarcic. 2005. Response of leek (Allium porrum L.) to different levels of nitrogen dose under agro-climate conditions of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Acta Agri. Slovenica. 85: 219-226.

Mahmud, K., I. Ahmad. and M. Ayub. 2003. Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on the fodder yield and quality of two sorghum cultivars. J. Agri. Biol. Sci. 5: 61-63.

Mansouri-Far, C., S. A. M. Modarres-Sanavy. and S. F. Saberali. 2010. Maize yield response to deficit irrigation during low-sensitive growth stages and nitrogen rate under semi-arid climatic conditions. Agri. Water Manag. 97: 12-22.

Marsalis, M. A., S. V. Angadi. and F. E. Contreras-Govea. 2010. Dry matter yield and nutritive value of corn, forage sorghum, and BMR forage sorghum at different plant populations and nitrogen rates. Field Crops Res. 116: 52-57.

Nasseri, A., H. A. Fallahi, A. Siadat. and K. Eslami-Gumush Tappeh. 2009. Protein and N-use efficiency of rainfed wheat responses to supplemental irrigation and N fertilization. J. Arch. Agron. Soil Sci. 55(3): 315-325.

Nawas-Nazanat, G., M. Sawar, T. Yousaf. and A. Nasseb .2005. Yield and yield component of sunflower as affected by various NPK levels. Asian J. Plan Sci. 2(7): 561-562.

Olugbemi, O. 2017. Sweet sorghum and nitrogen fertilizer application: A Review. J. Agri. Sci. 2: 28-35.

Ramos, T. B., N. L. Castanheira, M. C. Gonçalves, M. L. Fernandes, M. I. Januário, M. E. Lourenço, F. P. Pires. and J. C. Martins. 2012. Effect of combined use of brackish water and nitrogen fertilizer on biomass and sugar yield of sweet sorghum. Pedosphere. 22(6): 785-794.

Sebetha, E. and S. Modisapudi. 2019. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer source, soil type and season on growth performance of two Sorghum cultivars. Asian J. Plant Sci. 18(4): 175-180.

Young, K. J. and S. P. Long. 2000. Crop ecosystem responses to climatic change: maize and sorghum. In: Reddy K. R, Hodges H. F (Ed) Climate change and global crop productivity. CABI Pub. Wallingford. UK.

Zhao, D., K. R. Reddy, V. G. Kakani. and V. R. Reddy. 2005. Nitrogen deficiency effects on plant growth, leaf photosynthesis and hyper spectral reflectance properties of sorghum. Europ. J. Agron. 22: 391-403.

Turgut, I. 2000. Effects of plant populations and nitrogen doses on fresh ear yield and yield components of sweet corn grown under Bursa conditions. Turk. J. Agri. Forestry. 24: 341-347.

Zorb, C., C. Grover, D. Steinfurth. and K. H. Muhling. 2010. Quantitative proteome analysis of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) gluten as influenced by N and S nutrition. J. Plant Soil. 327(1-2): 225-234.