تأثیر ورمی‌کمپوست و کودهای نیتروژن و فسفر بر صفات مورفولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی نعناع فلفلی (Mentha piperita L.)

فیزیولوژی محیطی گیاهی

مقاله 7، دوره 15، شماره 57، فروردین 1399، صفحه 84-99   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

نویسندگان

اکرم محمودی؛ مهراب یادگاری^* ؛ بهزاد حامدی

گروه زراعت و گیاهان دارویی، واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرکرد، ایران

چکیده

کودهای زیستی نقش بارزی در افزایش عملکرد کمی و کیفی گیاهان دارویی دارند. در این تحقیق اثرات کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست و نیز کودهای پرمصرف نیتروژن و فسفر بر صفات مورفولوژیکی مانند ارتفاع گیاه و تعداد گره و نیز عملکرد کمی و کیفی اسانس گیاه نعناع فلفلی بررسی گردید. این پژوهش به صورت گلدانی در شرایط مزرعه‌ای بر اساس آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار در سال 1396 اجرا شد. سطوح تیماری ورمی‌کمپوست (مصرف و عدم مصرف طبق توصیه کارخانه سازنده)، کودهای نیتروژن و فسفر (0، 50، 100 و 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در مرحله تهیه بستر به خاک گلدان‌ها اضافه گردیدند. نتایج بدست آمده، نشان‌دهنده اثرگذاری معنی‌دار تیمارهای مورد استفاده بر صفات مورد ارزیابی بود. بیشترین اجزای موجود در اسانس (بیش از 70 درصد) شامل ترکیبات آلفاپینن، لیمونن، ایزومنتون، منتول، 1و8 سینئول، و منتون بود. در مقایسات میانگین‌ها، تیمار کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست و کاربرد کود نیتروژن و فسفر (هرکدام یکصد کیلوگرم در هکتار)، بالاترین مقادیر صفات مورفولوژیکی از جمله ارتفاع گیاه و تعداد گره و همچنین بالاترین کمیت و کیفیت اسانس را ایجاد نمود. به نظر می‌رسد که کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست موجب افزایش صفات مورفولوژیکی و به تبع آن میزان و اجزای سازنده اسانس گیاه شد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

گیاه دارویی؛ منتول؛ منتون؛ کود زیستی؛ کود شیمیایی

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