مکان یابی شهرهای جدید با رویکرد اکولوژیک (نمونه موردی: شهرستان ارومیه)

فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی نگرش های نو در جغرافیای انسانی

مقاله 12، دوره 12، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 47، تیر 1399، صفحه 237-255   

نوع مقاله: ترویجی

نویسندگان

محمد معین فر¹؛ بشیر بیگ بابایی^{* 2}

¹دانشجوی دکترای جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، واحد مرند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرند، ایران.

²استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، واحد ملکان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ملکان، ایران(نویسنده مسئول).

چکیده

شهرهای جدید، سکونتگاه‌های نوپا و فاقد هسته اولیه قبلی است که بر اساس برنامه ساختاری از پیش فکر شده ایجاد شده‌اند. احداث شهرهای جدید حرکتی جدید نیست و سابقه تاریخی طولانی را چه در شرق و چه در غرب پشت سر دارد. اولین تجربه شهرهای جدید در همسایگی ایران یعنی بین‌النهرین صورت گرفته است. اهداف طراحی و احداث شهرهای جدید ارائـه مسکن، پالایش و سـاماندهی فضـایی مـادر شـهرهای ناحیه‌ای، جذب سرریزهای جمعیتی، کنترل رشد مادر شهرها، انتقـال مراکـز سیاسـی- اداری، عـدم تخریـب زمین‌های کشاورزی، توسعۀ نواحی عقب‌مانده، اسـکان کارگران بخـش صـنعت، تمرکز زدایـی، توزیـع فضـایی صنعت و جمعیت و... است. شهر ارومیه مرکز استان آذربایجان غربی و بزرگ‌ترین شهر استان دهمین شهر پرجمعیت کشور و دومین شهر شمال غرب کشور است جمعیت بالا و به ‌تبع آن مهاجر پذیر بودن شهر در کنار موقعیت استراتژیک و مرزی این شهر و نواحی اطراف لزوم یک بررسی جامع و دقیق در حوزه جمعیت‌شناسی و اسکان بهینه جمعیت در این شهر را اثبات می‌کند. مهم‌ترین هدف این تحقیق مکان‌یابی شهر جدید در پیرامون مادر شهر ارومیه با در نظر گرفتن مسائل اکولوژیکی و توسعه پایدار است. روش تحقیق بر اساس هدف جز تحقیقات کاربردی و از نظر روش جز تحقیقات توصیفی- تحلیلی است. مهمترین ابزار بکار رفته نرم افزار های سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی و مدل تحلیل سلسله مراتبی بوده و مبنای تئوریکی مکان یابی استفاده از روش مک هارگ جهت شناسایی معیارهای موثر در تحقیق است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

شهر جدید؛ ارومیه؛ GIS؛ AHP؛ مدل مک هارگ

مراجع

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-        Internet resources

1. https://www.sciencedirect.com
2. https://www.researchgate.net