Measurement of Zinc, Copper, Lead, and Cadmium in the Variety of Packaging Milk and Raw Milk in Tehran Markets by Anodic Striping Voltammetry

Journal of Chemical Health Risks

مقاله 2، دوره 10، شماره 3، مهر 2020، صفحه 175-183   

نوع مقاله: Original Article

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/jchr.2020.1877927.1048

نویسندگان

Naficeh Sadeghi^{* 1، 2، 3}؛ Masoomeh Behzad¹؛ Shervin Homay Razavi¹؛ Behrooz Jannat²؛ Mohammad Reza Oveisi¹؛ Mannan Hajimahmoodi¹

¹Department of Drug and Food Control, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

²Halal Research Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran

³Water Health Research Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran

چکیده

Considering the importance of milk in our daily diet and the increased environmental pollutants, it is important to assess heavy metals in milk. This study seeks the idea of concentration of some heavy metals in packaging milks collected from 22 districts in Tehran. Moreover, the focuses on heavy metals are checked with the recommended permissible amounts. The samples are analyzed by pulsed ultrasonography and anodic pulse techniques. The polarography apparatus is used for this investigation. This device comprises of three workups of estimating, solubilizing, and clear qualities. Each time a cradle, test, and standard is included, these three stages finish. Each time including the above gauge, which is a similar bend underneath the chart, is plotted by the gadget. According to the program given to the device, the device repeats its work three times every 3 steps and adds buffer, sample, and standard. The ranges obtained from the mean Cd, Cu, Zn, and Pb correspondingly are in raw milk 0.099±0.116, 2.424±4.017, 4.990±6.244, 0.271±0.640 μg.ml^-1, in packaging milk (pasteurized and sterilized) 0.049±0.037, 0.228±0.188, 0.999±0.873, 0.048±0.033 μg.ml^-1 respectively. In almost all cases, concentrations of sub-metals allowed limitations and health concerns for milk and dairy consumption. The amount of all four heavy metals in raw milk was greater than that in pasteurized milk. This alteration was significant for Zinc, Lead, and Copper, but not significant for Cadmium.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Raw Milk؛ Packaging Milk؛ Zinc؛ Copper؛ Lead؛ Cadmium

مراجع

1. Saei-Dehkordi S.S., Fallah A.A., 2011. Determination of copper, lead, cadmium and zinc content in commercially valuable fish species from the Persian Gulf using derivative potentiometric stripping analysis. Microchem J. 98(1), 156–162.

2. Licata P., Di Bella G., Potorti A.G., Lo Turco V., Salvo A., Dugo G.mo., 2012. Determination of trace elements in goat and ovine milk from Calabria (Italy) by ICP-AES.    Food Addit Contam Part B. 5(4), 268–271.

3. Pavlovic I., Sikiric M., Havranek L., Plavljanic N., Brajenovic N., 2004. Lead and cadmium levels in raw cow’s milk from anindustrialised Croatian region determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Czech J Anim Sci. 49 (4), 164–168.

4. Neal A.P., Guilarte T.R., 2013. Mechanisms of lead and manganese neurotoxicity. Toxic Res. 2(2), 99–114.

5. Khan N., Jeong I. S., Hwang I. M., Kim J.S., Choi S.H., Nho E.Y., Choi J.Y., Park K.S., Kim K.S., 2014. Analysis of minor and trace elements in milk and yogurts by inductivelycoupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Food Chem. 147, 220–224.

6. Freschi G.P.G., Fortunato F.M., Freschi C.D., Neto J.A.G., 2012. Simultaneous and direct determination of As, Bi, Pb, Sb, and Se and Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Mn in milk by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Food Anal Methods. 5(4), 861–866.

7. Munoz E., Palmero S., 2004. Determination of heavy metals in milk by potentiometric stripping analysis using a home-made flow cell. Food Control. 15(8), 635–641.

8. Ping J., Wang Y., Wu J., Ying Y., 2014. Development of an electrochemically reduced graphene oxide modified disposable bismuth film electrode and its application for stripping analysis of heavy metals in milk. Food Chem. 151, 65–71.

9. Mahesar S., Sherazi S., Niaz A., Bhanger M., Rauf A., 2010. Simultaneous assessment of zinc, cadmium, lead and copper in poultry feeds by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. Food Chem Toxicol. 48(8), 2357–2360.

10. Quintana J.C., Arduini F., Amine A., Van Velzen K., Palleschi G., Moscone D., 2012. Part two: Analytical optimisation of a procedure for lead detection in milk by means of bismuth-modified screen-printed electrodes. Anal Chim Acta. 736, 92–99.

11. Adeloju S., Bond A., Hughes H., 1983. Determination of selenium, copper, lead and cadmium in biological materials by differential pulse stripping voltammetry. Anal Chim Acta. 148, 59–69.

12. Sadeghi N., Jodakhanlou M., Oveisi M.R., Jannat B., Behzad M., Hajimahmoodi M., 2017.  Determination of Zinc and Copper micronutrients and Lead and Cadmium contaminants in non-alcoholic malt beverages by anodic stripping voltammetry. JFSH. 3, 54-58.

13. Jannat B., Sadeghi N., Oveisi M.R., Behzad M.,   Hajimahmoodi M., Aghazadeh F., 2017. Determination of Iron in baby weaning food and powder milk. J.B.M. 5, 1- 6.

14. Sadeghi N., Oveisi M.R., Jannat B., Hjimahmoodi M., Malayeri N., Behzad M., 2016. Assessment of some heavy metals concentration and antioxidant activity in Barely Grain Caltivars and Their Malts from Iran. JACEN. 5, 121-131.

15. Sadeghi N., Oveisi M.R., Jannat B., Hajimahmoodi M., Behfar A., Behzad M., Norouzi N., Oveisi M., Jannat B., 2014.  Simultaneous Measurement of Zinc, Copper, Lead and Cadmium in Baby Weaning Food and Powder Milk by DPASV.  Iran J Pharm Res. 13(1), 345-349.

16. Bergillos-Meca T., Cabrera-Vique C., Artacho R., Moreno-Montoro M., Navarro-Alarcón M., Olalla M., Giménez R., Seiquer I., Ruiz-López M.D., 2015. Does Lactobacillus plantarum or ultrafiltration process improve Ca, Mg, Zn and P bioavailability from fermented goats' milk? Food Chem. 15,187,314-321.

17. Moreno J., Hernandez T., Garcia C., 1999. Effects of a cadmium-contaminated sewage sludge compost on dynamics of organic matter and microbial activity in an arid soil. Biol Fertil Soils. 28(3), 230–237.

18. Bilandzˇic´ N., Dokic´ M., Sedak M., Solomun B., Varenina I., Knezˇevic´ Z., Benićb M., 2011. Trace element levels in raw milk from northern and southern regions of Croatia. Food Chem. 127(1), 63–66.

19. Codex Alimentarius Commission, 1999. Discussion paper on maximum level for Pb in milk and secondary milk products. Joint FAO/WHO food standards programme, twenty-third session.