The Ecological Factors Effecting the Distribution of Artemisia melanolepis Boiss. in Southeast of Sabalan Mt., Iran

Journal of Rangeland Science

مقاله 8، دوره 11، شماره 2، تیر 2021، صفحه 208-223   

نوع مقاله: Research and Full Length Article

نویسندگان

Ardavan Ghorbani^{* 1}؛ Maryam Molaei ShamAsbi²

¹Department of Range & Watershed Management, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

²University of Mohaghegh Ardabili

چکیده

Artemisia melanolepis Boiss. is an endemic, rare and endangered species inhabiting high altitudes at Sabalan Mt., Iran. This study aimed to identify the effect of environmental variables on the distribution of A. melanolepis, in southeast faced slopes of Sabalan Mt., Iran, in 2016. In the habitats of A. melanolepis two sites (A and B) were selected with almost the same ecological conditions in the presence and absence of this species. In each site, five 100m transects using the random- systematically method were established. Land covers, canopy cover, density, litter (Lit), bare soil (BS), stone and gravel (SG) were recorded in 10 plots (each one square meter along each transect). Thirty-six soil samples were collected from 0-15cm depth (depth of root activates/ three samples from each transect). Soil texture (percent of clay, sand and silt), organic materials (OM), particulate organic matter (POM), water dispersible clay (WDC), potassium (K), phosphorous (P), acidity (pH) and electrical conductivity (EC) were measured at the lab. Elevation, slope, aspect, and mean annual precipitation and temperature for each plot was calculated. The cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA and canonical discriminate analyses (CDA) were used for data analyses. The cluster analysis based on the presence and absence of species, separated each groups of A and B into two subgroups. There were significant differences between clusters using multivariate analysis of variance (p <0.01). Results showed that high density of A. melanolepis was related to increasing OM, POM, WDC, P, elevation and decreasing sand, pH and slope. Results of CDA showed that A. melanolepis distribution was more influenced by aspect, Tem, pH, POM, OM, silt, sand, P, slope, Lit, total canopy cover, SG, BS, elevation, WDC, EC and K in the selected sites. These results can be used in protecting and restoration of this species.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Rangeland؛ Endemic species؛ Species distribution modeling؛ Habitat factors

مراجع

Aghajanlou, F., Ghorbani, A., ZareChahoki, M.A., Mostafazadeh, R., Hashemi Majd, K., 2018. Ecological survey of the presence and absence of Ferula ovina (Boiss.) Boiss. and Ferula persica Willd. in north-western rangelands of Iran (case study: Zanjan province). Journal of Rangeland Science, 8(4): 352- 362.

Ahmadauli, V.,  Ghorbani, A., AzimiMotem, F., Asghari, A., Teymorzadeh, A., Badrzadeh, M., 2015. Study of flora, life form, chrotype, diversity and evenness change under the effect of different grazing pressure from crises centers in south- east of Sabalan. Journal of Taxonomy and Biosystematics, 23: 69-84. (In Persian).

AzimiMotem, F., Talai, R., Asiabizadeh, F., Houshyar, M., 2011. A survey on flora, life forms and geographical distribution of plant species in the protected forests of Fandoghlu (Ardabil province). Journal of Taxonomy and Biosystematics, 9: 75-89. (In Persian).

Beers, T.W., Dress, P.E., Wensel, L.C., 1966. Aspect transformation in productivity research. Journal of Forestry, 64: 691-692.

Bennie, J., Hill, M.O., Baxter, R., Huntley, B., 2006. Influence of slope and aspect on long-term vegetation change in British chalk grasslands. Journal of Ecology, 94: 355–368.

Buri, A., Cianfrani, C., Pinto-Figueroa, E., Yashiro, E., Spangenberg, J.E., Adatte, T., Verrecchia, E., Guisan, A., Pradervand. J.N., 2017. Soil factors improve predictions of plant species distribution in a mountain environment. Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment, 6: 703-722. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133317738162

Chen, C.R., Xu, Z.H., Mathers, N.J., 2004. Soil carbon pools in adjacent natural and plantation forests of subtropical Australia. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 68: 282–291.  https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2004.2820

Cowling, R.M., Potts, A.J., Bradshaw, P.L., Colville, J., Margarita, A., Ferrier, S., Forest, F., Fyllas, N.M., Hopper, S.D., Ojeda, F., Proches, S., Smith, R.J., Rundel, P.W., Vassilakis, E., Zutta, B.R., 2015. Variation in plant diversity in Mediterranean-climate ecosystems: the role of climatic and topographical stability. Journal of Biogeography, 42(3): 552–564. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12429

Cristofoli, S., Monty, A., Mahy, G., 2010. Historical landscape structure affects plant species richness in wet heathlands with complex landscape dynamics. Landscape and Urban Planning, 98(2): 92-98.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.07.014.

Dai, Z., Li, N., Muhammad, P.C., Brookes, H., Wang, X., Liu, X., Xu, J., 2013. Principle component and hierarchical cluster analysis of soil properties following biochar incorporation. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 78(1): 205-213. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2013.05.0199.

Garmin, 2011. Oregon Series Owners Manual. Available at: https://www.manualsearcher.com/garmin/oregon-550/manual

Ghafari, S., Ghorbani, A., Moameri, M., Mostafazadeh, R., Bidarlord, M., 2018. Composition and structure of species along altitude gradient in Moghan-Sabalan rangelands, Iran. Journal of Mountain Science, 15(6): 1209-1228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-017-4820-2

Ghorbani, A., Abbasi Khalaki, M., Asghari, A., Omidi, A., ZareHesari, B., 2015. Comparison of some effective environmental factors on the distribution of Artemisia fragrans and Artemisia austriaca in southeast faced slopes of Sabalan. Iranian Journal of Rangeland, 9(2):129-141. (In Persian).

Ghorbani, A., Asghari, A., 2014. Ecological factors affecting the distribution of Festuca ovina in Southeastern rangelands of Sabalan. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 21(2): 368-381. (In Persian).

Ghorbani, A., Mohammadi Moghaddam, S., Hashemi Majd, K., Dadgar, D., 2018. Spatial variation analysis of soil properties using spatial statistics: a case study in the region of Sabalan Mountain, Iran. Ecomont, 10(1): 70-80. https://doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-10-1s70

Ghorbani, A., Sharifi, J., Kavianpoor, H., Malekpoor, B., Mirzaei Aghche Gheshlagh, F.,  2013. Investigation on ecological characteristics of Festuca ovina L. in south-eastern rangelands of Sabalan. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 20(2): 379-396. (In Persian).

Hassler, M., 2017. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World (version May 2017). In: Roskov, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P.M., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E., Zarucchi, J., Penev, L., 2017. Species 2000 and IT IS Catalogue of Life, 26^th July 2017. Digital resource at www.catalogueoflife.org/col. Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.15468/7ppkhn

Heikkinen, R.K.L., Kuussaari, M., Toivonen, M., 2007. Modelling the spatial distribution of a threatened butterfly: Impacts of scale and statistical technique. Landscape and Urban Planning, 79: 347–357.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.04.002

Hernandez, P.A., Graham, C.H., Master, L.L., Albert, D.L., 2006. The effect of sample size and species characteristics on performance of different species distribution modelling methods. Ecography, 5: 773-785.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-7590.2006.04700.x

Hooper, D.U., Vitousek, P.M., 1997. The effects of plant composition and diversity on ecosystem processes. Journal of Science, 277:1302–1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.277.5330.1302

Jalili, A., Jamzad, Z., 1999. Red data Book of Iran: A preliminary survey of endemic, rare and endangered plant species in Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran. Pages 748.

Jalilin Asrabady, S., Itoi, R., Valdimarsson, P., Saevarsdottir, G., Fujii, H., 2012. Flash cycle optimization of Sabalan geothermal power plant employing the energy concept. Geothermics, 43: 75-82.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2012.02.003

Kantola, I.B., Masters, M.D., DeLucia, E.H., 2017. Soil particulate organic matter increases under perennial bioenergy crop agriculture. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 113: 184-191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.05.023

Kargar, M., Akhzari, D., Saadatfar, A., 2019. Comparing different modelling techniques for predicting presence-absence of some dominant plant species in mountain rangelands, Mazandaran province. Journal of Rangeland Science, 9(3): 219-233.

Karimi, H., Soofi, M., Haghnia, G.H., Khorasani, R., 2007. Study on the stability of aggregates and soil erosion potential in loamy and sandy clay loam soils (case study: Lamerd plain- Fars province). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 14 (6): 11-21. (In Persian).

Korner, C., Paulsen, J., Spehn, E., 2011. A definition of mountains and their bioclimatic belts for global comparisons of biodiversity data. Alpine Botany, 121: 73–78.

Laik, R., Koushlendra, K., Das, D.K., Chaturvedi, O.P., 2009. Labile soil organic matter poolsin a calciorthent after 18 years of afforestation by different plantations. Applied Soil Ecology, 42: 71–78.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.02.004

Li, C., Xiao, B., Wang, Q.H., Zheng, R.L., Wu, J.Y.,  2017. Responses of soil seed bank and vegetation to the increasing intensity of human disturbance in a semi-arid region of northern China. Sustainability, 9: 1837. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9101837

Myers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., Fonseca, G.A., Kent, J., 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403: 853–858.

McPherson, J., Jetz, W., Rogers, D., 2004. The effects of species’ range sizes on the accuracy of distribution models: ecological phenomenon or statistical artefact? Journal of Applied Ecology, 41: 811-823.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-8901.2004.00943.x

Mirzaei Mosivand, A., Ghorbani, A., Keivan Behjou, F., 2017. Effects of some ecological factors on distribution of Prangos uloptera and Prangos pabularia in rangelands of Ardabil province, Iran. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 15(4): 957-968. http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1504_957968

Moghadam, M.R., 2006. Ecology of Terrestrial Plants. University of Tehran Press. (In Persian).

Moghadam, M.R., 2007. Range and Range Management. University of Tehran Press. (In Persian).

Molaei ShamAsbi, M., 2016. Assessment of some ecological factors effect on spatial variation of Artemisia aucheri and Artemisia melanolepis species in the southeastern slopes of the Sabalan mountain. Thesis is approved for the degree of M.Sc. In Natural Resources Engineering Range Management. University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. (In Persian).

Molaei ShamAsbi,  M., Ghorbani, A., Sefidi, K., Bahrami, B., Hashemi Majd, K., 2017. Study the effective ecological factors on distribution of Artemisia aucheri Boiss. in southeast faced slopes of Sabalan. Iranian Journal of Rangeland, 11(2): 139-151. (In Persian).

Motamedi, J., Alilou, F., Sheidayi, E., Keyvan Behjou, F., Ghoreishi, R., 2013. Relationship between environmental factors and the intensity of grazing in rangeland ecosystems of Khoy. Journal of Plant Ecosystem Conservation, 1(3): 73-90. (In Persian).

Mozaffarian, V., 1996. A Dictionary of Iranian Plant Names, Farhang Moaser Publishers, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian).

Nazari Anbaran, F., Ghorbani, A., AzimiMotem, F., Teymorzadeh, A., Asghari, A., Hashemimajd, K., 2016. Floristic and species diversity in altitudinal gradient of Lahrod-Shabil (North Sabalan). Journal of Plant Ecosystem Conservation, 7: 1-18. (In Persian).

Ning, W., Rawat, G.S., Sharma, E., 2013. High-altitude rangelands and their interfaces in the Hindu Kush Himalayas. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD).

Niu, Y., Zhou, J., Yang, S., Chu, B., Ma, S., Zhu, H., Hua, L., 2019. The effects of topographical factors on the distribution of plant communities in a mountain meadow on the Tibetan Plateau as a foundation for target-oriented management. Ecological Indicators, 106: 105532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105532

Nodehi, N., Akbarlou, M., Sepehry, A., Vahid, H., 2014. Effects of topographical factors on distribution of plant communities in semi-steppe grasslands (case study: Ghorkhud region, northern Khorasan province, Iran). Journal of Rangeland Science, 4(4): 298-305.

Noroozi, J., Pauli, H., Grabherr, G., Breckle, S.W., 2011. The subnival- nival vascular plant species of Iran: a unique high-mountain flora and its threats from climate warming. Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 20(6): 1319- 1338.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-011-0029-9

O’Brien, E.M., Field, R., Whittaker, R.J., 2000. Climatic gradients in woody plant (tree and shrub) diversity: Water-energy dynamics, residual variation and topography. Oikos, 89: 588–600.

Okon, M.A., Osuji, G.E., Uzoho, B.U., Ahukaemere, C.M., 2014. Soil organic carbon storage as affected by physiographic positions on a Caternary landscape in an Ultisol in Owerri, southeastern. International Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry, 1(2): 18-22.

Omidi, A., Ghorbani, A., Teymoorzadeh, A., Hashmi Majd, K., 2016. Study the effective environmental factors on the distribution of Artemisia austriaca in southeast faced slopes of Sabalan. Iranian Journal of Plant and Ecosystem, 45: 21-37. (In Persian).

Oueslati, I., Allamano, P., Bonifacio, E., Claps, P., 2013. Vegetation and topographic control on spatial variability of soil organic carbon. Pedosphere, 23:48–58.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(12)60079-4

Pinke, G., Pal, R., Botta – Dukat, Z., 2010. Effect of environmental factors on weed species composition of cereal and stubble fields in western Hungary. Journal of Biology, 5 (2): 283-292.  https://doi.org/10.2478/s11535-009-0079-0

Piri Sahragard, H., Zare Chahouki, M.A., 2016. Modeling of Artemisia sieberi Besser. habitat distribution using maximum entropy method in desert rangelands. Journal of Rangeland Science, 6(2): 93-101.

Rechinger, K.H., 1986. Artemisia in Flora Iranica. In: Rechinger, K.H. Hedge IC, editors. Compositae, Chapter 158, Akademische Druck and Verlagsanatalt, Graz, Austria. Pages 214.

Ryals, R., Kaiser, M., Torn, M.S., Berhe, A.A., Silver, W. L., 2014. Impacts of organic matter amendments on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in grassland soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 68: 52-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.09.011

Shaltout, K.H., Ahmed, D.A., Shabana, H.A., 2015. Distribution of the associated species with Phlomis aurea Decne along an elevation gradient in Southern Sinai, Egypt. Ecologia Mediterranea, 42(1): 65 –77.

Sharifi, J., Fayaz, M., Azimi, F., Rostami Kia, Y., Eshvari, P., 2013. Identification of ecological region of Iran (vegetation of Ardabil province): Institute Research of Forest and Rangeland Press. Report No. 42183/37. (In Persian).

Sharifi, J., Ghorbani, A., Fayyaz, M., Ashouri, P., 2016. Vegetation types and plant life forms of alpine Sabalan in Ardabil province. Natural Ecosystem of Iran, 7 (2): 65-75. (In Persian).

Six, J., Feller, C., Deneb, K., Ogle, S., Moraes, S.J., Albrecht, A., 2002. Soil organic matter, biota and ggregation in temperate and tropical soils-effects of no tillage. Agronomie, 22: 755–775. https://doi.org/10.1051/agro:2002043

Tavosi, T., Delara, Gh., 2010. Climatic zone of Ardabil province. Nivar, 70: 47-52. (In Persian).

Teimoorzadeh, A., Ghorbani, A., Kavianpoor, A.H., 2015. Study on the flora, life forms and chorology of the southeastern of Namin forests (Asi- Gheran, Fandoghloo, Hasani and Bobini), Ardabil province. Journal of Plant Research, 2: 264-275. (In Persian).

Wander, M.M., Traina, S.J., 1996. Organic matter fractions from organically and conventionally managed soils: II. Characterization of composition. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 60: 1087-1094.

Wang, Z.R., Yang, G.J., Chen, S.Y., Wu, Z., Guan, J.Y., Zhao, C.C., Zhao, Q.D., Ye, B.S., 2012. Effects of environmental factors on the distribution of plant communities in a semi-arid region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Ecological Research, 27: 667–675.

Yilmaz, H., Yilmaz, O., Akyuz, Y., 2017. Determining the factors affecting the distribution of Muscari latifolium, an endemic plant of Turkey, and a mapping species distribution model. Ecology and Evolution, 4: 1112-1124. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2766.   

Youssef, A.M., Al-Fredan, M.A., 2008. Community composition of major vegetation in the coastal area of Al- Uqair, Saudi Arabia in response to ecological variations. Journal of Biological Science, 8(4): 713-721. https://doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2008.713.721

Zare Chahouki, M.A., Khojasteh, F., Tavili, A., 2012. Distribution of vegetation type according to edaphic properties and topography in Iran. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 4: 1071-1077.

ZareHesari, B., Ghorbani, A., Azimi, F., Hashemi Majd, K., Asghari, A., 2014. Study the effect of ecological factors on Artemisia fragrans Willd. distribution in southeast faced slopes of Sabalan. Iranian Journal of Rangeland, 8(3): 238-250. (In Persian).