تأثیر نانو ذرات نقره و وزن بنه بر صفات فیزیولوژیک و مورفولوژیک زعفران (Crocus sativus L.) تحت شرایط اقلیمی سیستان

فیزیولوژی محیطی گیاهی

دوره 16، شماره 61، فروردین 1400، صفحه 45-63   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/iper.2021.679512

نویسندگان

فاطمه محمودی¹؛ نفیسه مهدی نژاد^{* 1}؛ براتعلی فاخری¹؛ احمد احمدیان²

¹گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

²گروه تولیدات گیاهی و گیاهان دارویی، پژوهشگر پژوهشکده زعفران، دانشگاه تربت حیدریه، تربیت حیدریه، ایران

چکیده

به‌‌منظور بررسی تأثیر نانو ذرات نقره و وزن بنه بر صفات فیزیولوژیک و مورفولوژیک زعفران تحت شرایط اقلیمی منطقه سیستان آزمایشی در روستای دادی واقع در بخش تیمور آباد شهرستان ‌هامون به‌ صورت فاکتوریل با طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و ۳ تکرار بر دو وزن مختلف بنه زعفران (شامل کمتر از 8 گرم و بیشتر از ۸ گرم) و دو غلظت تیمار نانو نقره (صفر وppm ۵۰) طی دو سال متوالی، ۱۳۹3 تا 1395 انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از تیمار نانو ذرات نقره در هر دو سال تاثیر معنی‌دار بر صفات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی داشته و کلیه صفات مورد بررسی را در مقایسه با شاهد افزایش داد. همچنین تاثیر تیمار وزن بنه نیز بر تمامی صفات در طی این دو سال در بنه‌های بزرگتر از 8 گرم معنی‌دار شد. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه صفات کمی و رنگ زعفران به روش HPLCنشان داد که در سال‌های اول و دوم رنگیزه، طعم و عطر زعفران در نمونه‌ای که به محلول نانو ذرات نقره آغشته شده بود افزایش قابل ملاحظه‌ای نسبت به نمونه شاهد داشت. مقایسات نشان داد که در نمونه‌های بیشتر از ۸ گرم افزایش صفات نسبت به نمونه‌های کوچک‌تر معنی‌دار بود. نتایج این تحقیق نشان می‌هد که بنه گیاه زعفران با اندازه مطلوب درصورتی که در شرایط محیطی گرم و خشک تحت تأثیر محلول نانو نقره با غلظت‌های مناسب قرار گیرد می‌توان شاهد افزایش صفات کمی و کیفی و حتی بهبود صفات اقتصادی در این گیاه بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بنه؛ پیکروکروسین؛ سافرانال؛ کروسین؛ کروستین

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