پاسخ‌های ریختی، فیزیولوژیکی و آنزیمی نهال‌های توسکا ییلاقی (Alnus subcordata C. A. Mey) نسبت به تنش کم‌آبی با تلقیح قارچ میکوریز ریزوفاگوس ایریگولاریس (Rhizophagus irregularis)

فیزیولوژی محیطی گیاهی

دوره 16، شماره 61، فروردین 1400، صفحه 80-93   

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/iper.2021.679553

نویسندگان

زهرا بور؛ قاسم علی پاراد^* ؛ سید محسن حسینی؛ احسان قنبری

گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران

چکیده

تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی رشد، صفات ریختی، تغییرات فیزیولوژیکی و فعالیت برخی از آنزیم­های آنتی­اکسیدانی نهال­های یکساله توسکا ییلاقی (Alnus subcordata C. A. Mey) تلقیح یافته با قارچ میکوریزی ریزوفاگوس ایریگولاریس (Rhizophagus irregularis) تحت تاثیر تنش کم­آبی در شرایط گلخانه­ای طی یک دوره 70 روزه انجام گرفت. آزمایش در دو سطح تلقیحی (شاهد یا عدم تلقیح و قارچ میکوریز R. irregularis) و دو سطح آبیاری در حد ظرفیت مزرعه (شاهد) و آبیاری به میزان 30 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه (کم­آبی) در طرحی کاملا تصادفی با چهار تیمار و 10 تکرار صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که تنش کم­آبی به طور معنی‌داری در سطح 99 درصد سبب کاهش اندازه مشخصه­های ریختی و فیزیولوژیکی نهال­های توسکا ییلاقی شد، حال آنکه کلیه فعالیت­های آنزیمی مورد اندازه­گیری تحت تنش کم­آبی افزایش یافت. اگرچه مشخصه­های ریختی نظیر رویش ارتفاعی و قطری، طول ریشه، سطح برگ و زیتوده­ برگ، ساقه، ریشه و کل تحت تاثیر تلقیح قارچ میکوریز  R. irregularis به خاک نهال­های توسکا ییلاقی در تیمار شاهد افزایش 35-20 درصدی معنی‌داری نشان داد اما اضافه شدن قارچ میکوریز به خاک تیمار تنش کم­آبی به ترتیب باعث بهبود 55، 40، 46، 47، 37، 35، 50 و 37 درصدی مشخصه­های مذکور شد. نتایج مقایسه میانگین­ها نشان داد که نرخ فتوسنتز، هدایت روزنه­ای، تعرق و پتانسیل آبی برگ تحت تاثیر کم­آبی به ترتیب 57، 54، 53 و 65 درصد کاهش یافت حال آنکه افزودن قارچ میکوریز  R. irregularisبه خاک سبب بهبود مشخصه­های مذکور شد. همچنین در سطح کم‌آبی، فعالیت آنزیم­های کاتالاز، پراکسیداز، سوپراکسیددیسموتاز و آسکوربات پراکسیداز نسبت به نهال‌های ظرفیت مزرعه افزایش معنی­داری یافت در حالی که افزودن قارچ میکوریز به خاک در شرایط کم­آبی سبب تعدیل اثرات مخرب کم­آبی گردید. برآیند نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان داد که تلقیح قارچ میکوریز R. Irregularisمی­تواند با بهبود مشخصه­های فیزیولوژیکی و آنزیم­های آنتی­اکسیدانی، بردباری نهال­های توسکا ییلاقی را به کم­آبی در سال اول افزایش دهد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

پتانسیل آبی؛ فعالیت‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی؛ زیتوده کل؛ ظرفیت مزرعه؛ نرخ فتوسنتز

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