بررسی تأثیر رهبری آینده‌نگر بر اثربخشی سازمانی: نقش میانجی رفتار شهروندی سازمانی

مدیریت بهره‌وری

دوره 15، 2(57)تابستان، تیر 1400، صفحه 107-138   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30495/qjopm.2020.1879598.2632

نویسندگان

هانی نیکوکار¹؛ پرویز آهی²؛ محسن اکبری^{* 3}

¹دانشجوی دکتری گروه مدیریت، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

²استادیار گروه پیشگیری انتظامی، دانشکده علوم و فنون انتظامی، دانشگاه علوم انتظامی امین، تهران، ایران

³دانشیار گروه مدیریت بازرگانی دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده

در دنیای متغیر و متلاطم امروزی جهت دستیابی به اثربخشی سازمانی، سبک‌های زیادی برای رهبری سازمان‌ها مطرح شده‌اند که تمامی آنها در سبکی به نام رهبری آینده‌نگر خلاصه شده‌اند که با تأکید بر چشم‌اندازها و فلسفه^ءوجودی سازمان اثربخشی سازمانی را بهبود می‌بخشد. البته فقط رهبری مناسب کافی نیست و به رفتارهای فرانقشی کارکنان نیاز است تا سازمان به اثربخشی شایسته دست یابد. هدف مقاله حاضر شناسایی تأثیر رهبری آینده‌نگر بر اثربخشی سازمانی با نقش میانجی رفتار شهروندی سازمانی است. این پژوهش ازنظر هدف کاربردی و ازلحاظ ماهیت توصیفی-پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل کارمندان سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان گیلان به تعداد 385 نفر و نمونه^ء آماری پژوهش شامل 192نفر از این کارکنان است که با استفاده از فرمول کوکران محاسبه شده است. روش نمونه‌گیری نیز تصادفی ساده و بر اساس جدول اعداد تصادفی بوده است. در پژوهش حاضر، هم از مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و هم از مطالعات میدانی برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها و تحقق هدف پژوهش استفاده شد. داده‌ها از طریق پرسشنامه جمع‌آوری شد و به‌وسیله ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و مدل­یابی معادلات ساختاری (SEM) و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS 25 و LISREL 8.8 مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که رهبری آینده‌نگر دارای اثر مثبت و معنی‌دار بر اثربخشی سازمانی و رفتار شهروندی سازمانی است. رفتار شهروندی سازمانی نیز دارای تأثیر مثبت و معنی‌دار بر اثربخشی سازمانی است. اثر غیرمستقیم رهبری آینده‌نگر بر اثربخشی سازمانی با میانجیگری رفتار شهروندی سازمانی نیز مورد تأیید قرار گرفت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اثربخشی سازمانی؛ رفتار شهروندی سازمانی؛ رهبری آینده‌نگر

مراجع

Abdul Aziz, R; Abdullah, M, H; Tajudin, A & Mahmood, R (2013). The Effect of Leadership Styles on the Business Performance of Smes In Malaysia, International Journal of Economics Business and Management Studies, 2(2), 45-52.

Anantadjaya, P. D. (2009). Measuring Human Resources: a Case Study In Small and Medium Enterprises. Seminar National Industrial Services, 101-114

Anshar, M. (2017). The Impact of Visionary Leadership, Learning Organization and Innovative Behavior to Performance of Customs and Excise Functional. International Journal of Human Capital Management 1(2),52-60

Arnold, J., Arad, S., Rhoades, J., & Drasgow, F. (2000). The Empowering Leadership Questionnaire: the Construction and Validation of a New Scale for Measuring Leader Behaviors. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 249-269

Avery, G. C. (2004). Understanding Leadership. London: Sage.

Avery, G. C. & Bergsteiner, H. (2010). Honeybees and Locusts: The Business Case for Sustainable Leadership. NSW: Allen and Unwin, 1-274

Avery, G.C. & Bergsteiner, H. (2011). Sustainable Leadership Practices for Enhancing Business Resilience and Performance. Strategy and Leadership, pp. 39(3), 5-15

Avolio, B. J. (1999). Full Leadership Development: Building the Vital Forces in Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 12(1), 99-102

Bass, B. M., Jung, D. I., Avolio, B. J. & Berson, Y. (2003). Predicting Unit Performance by Assessing Transformational and Transactional Leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(2), 207-218

Breevaart, K., Bakker, A., Hetland, J., Demerouti, E., Olsen, O. K., & Espevik, R. (2014). Daily Transactional and Transformational Leadership and Daily Employee Engagement. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 87(1), 138-157

Cameron, K. And Whetten, D.A., (1984). Organizational Effectiveness: a Comparison of Multiple Models. Academic Press, New York, Ny, 3(3), 477-478

Carmeli, A., & Schaubroeck, J. (2006). Top Management Team Behavioral Integration, Decision Quality, and Organisational Decline. The Leadership Quarterly, 17(5), 441-453

Carson, J.B., Tesluk, P. E., & Marrone, J.A. (2007). Shared Leadership in Teams: an Investigation of Antecedent Conditions and Performance. Academy of Management Journal, 50(5),  1217-1234

Conger J. A & Kanungo R. N (1988). Behavioral dimension of Charismatic Leadership. Jossey, Bass inc. Sanfrancisco, 789-797

Chang, C.S. And Chang, H.C. (2010). Moderating Effect of Nurses Customer-Oriented Perception between Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Satisfaction. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 32(5), 628–643

Cheema, S., Akram, A. & Javed, F. (2015). Employee Engagement and Visionary Leadership: Impact on Customer and Employee Satisfaction. Journal of Business Studies, 7(2), 140-148

Çınar, F., & Kaban, A. (2012). Conflict Management and Visionary Leadership: an Application in Hospital Organizations. Procedia-Social And Behavioral Sciences, 58, 197-206

Chughtai, A.A., & Zafar, S. (2006). Antecedents and Consequences of Organizational Commitment among Pakistani University Teachers. Applied H.R.M. Research, 11(1), 39-64

Collins, J. & Porras, J. (1994). Built to Last. New York, NY: HarperCollins, 1-336

Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1987). Toward a behavioral theory of charismatic leadership in organizational settings. Academy of Management Review, 12(4), 637-647

Darsana, M. (2013). The influence of personality and organizational culture on employee performance through organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Management, 2(4), 35-42

Dhammika K. A. S. (2016). Visionary Leadership and Organizational Commitment: The Mediating Effect of  Leader-Member Exchange (LMX). Wayamba Journal of Management, 4(1), 1-10

Doppelt, B. (2003). Leading Change Toward Sustainability: a Change-Management Guide for Business. Government and Civil Society. Sheffield: Greenleaf

Ensley, M. D., Hmieleski, K. M., & Pearce, C. L., (2006). The importance of vertical and shared leadership within new venture top management teams: Implications for the performance of startups. The Leadership Quarterly, 17, 217-231

Fayol, H. (1949). General and Industrial Administration. Pitman. New York, NY

Goodman, J. M.Pennings, & Associates, (1998). New Perspectives on Organizational Effectiveness. New York, N,. 1-275

Goleman, D. (2004).Kepemimpinan Berdasarkan Kecerdasan Emosi, terjemahan Susi PurwokoJakarta: Penerbit Gramedia Pustaka Utama. New York, NY

Grace, M., Namada, j., & Katuse, P(2018). Does Leadership Style Influence Organizational Effectiveness in Non-Governmental Organizations?. International Journal of Business and Management, 13(8), 52-64

Heath, C. And Heath, D. (2010). Switch: How to Change Things When Change Is Hard. Crown Publishing Group, New York, NY, 1-309

Herman, R. And Renz, D, (2004). Doing Things Right: Effectiveness in Local Non-Profit Organizations, a Panel Study. Public Administration Review, 64(6), 694-704

Hogan, R. And Kaiser, R. B. (2005). What We Know About Leadership. Review of General Psychology, 9(2), 169-180

Huang, X., Yun, J., Liu, J., & Gong, Y. (2010). Does Participative Leadership Enhance Work Performance by Inducing Empowerment and Trust? The Different Effect on Managerial and Non- Managerial Subordinates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 49, 122-143

Jing, F., & Avery, G. (2008). Missing Links in Understanding the Relationship between Leadership and Organisational Performance. International Business and Economics Research, Journal, 7(5), 67-78

Kantabutra, S. (2006). Relating Vision-Based Leadership to Sustainable Business Performance: a Thai Perspective. Kravis Leadership Institute Leadership Review, 6(1), 37-53

Kantabutra, S. & Avery, G. C. (2011). Sustainable Leadership at Siam Cement Group. Journal of Business Strategy, 32(4), 32-41

Lee, U.H., Kim, H.K. & Kim, Y.H.(2013) .Determinant Of Organizational Citizenship Behavior And Its Outcomes. Global Business and Management Research: An International Journal, 5(1), 54-65

Ko, Y.K. (2008). Identification of factors related to hospital nurses organizational citizenship behavior using a multilevel analysis. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 38(2), 287–297

Kumari, P. &  Thapliyal, S. (2017). Studying the Impact of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Organizational Effectiveness. International Academic Journal of Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, 4(1), 9-21

Mccoll-Kennedy, J.R. & Anderson, R.D. (2002). Impact of Leadership Style and Emotions on Subordinate Performance. Leadership Quarterly, 13(5), 545-559

Mott, P. E. (1972). The Characteristics of  Effective Organizations. New York: Harper And Row

Mumford, M.D., Scott, G. M., Gaddis, B. & Strange, J. M. (2002). Leading Creative People: Orchestrating Expertise and Relationships. The Leadership Quarterly, 13(6), 705-750

Nwachukwu, C., Chladkova, H., Zufan, P., & Olatunji, F. (2017). Visionary Leadership and Its Relationship to Corporate Social Performance, Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR), 3(4), 1302-1311

Ogbonna, E., & Harris, L. (2000). Leadership Style, Organisational Culture, and Performance: Empirical Evidence From UK Companies. International Journal of Human Resources Management, 11(4), 766-788

Organ, D., (1988). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: the Good Solider Syndrome. Lexington: Lexington Books, 1-132

Organ, D.W. And Konovsky, M. (1989) Cognitive Versus Affective Determinants of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(1), 157–164

Organ, D.W. And Ryan, K. (1995) A Meta-Analytic Review of Attitudinal And Dispositional Predictors of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Personnel Psychology, 48(4), 775–802 

Posdakoff, P.M., & Mackenzie, S.B. (2009). Impact of organizational citizenship behavior on organizational performance: A review and suggestion for future research. Human Performance, 10 (2), 133-151

Raelin, J. A. (2005). We The Leaders: in Order to Form a Leaderful Organization. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 12(2), 18-30

Rafferty, A. E. & Griffin, M. A. (2009). Dimensions of transformational leadership: conceptual and empirical extensions. the Leadership quarterly, 15(3), 329-359

Robbins, S. P. (2019). Organizational Theory: Structure, Design and Applications (3rd Ed.). New Delhi, India: Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited

Sandra, M. W.  & Niehoff, P. N.( 2000). Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: their Relationship to Organizational Effectiveness. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 24(3), 301-319

Seashore, S., & Yuchtman, E, (1967). Factorial Analysis of  Organizational Performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 12(3), 377-395

Shoraj, D & Memetaj, (2017). Impact of Leadership Versus Organizational Effectiveness in the Secondary Banking Sector in Albania. European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 2(5), 170-176

Sila, I. & Ebrahimpour, M. (2005). Critical Linkages among TQM Factors and Businessresults. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 25(11), 1123-1154

Smith, A.C., Organ, D.W. And Near, J.P. (1983) Organizational Citizenship Behavior: its Nature And Antecedents. Journal of Applied Psychology. 68(4), 653–663

Spector, P. E., & Che, X. X. (2014). Re-Examining Citizenship: How the Control of Measurement Artifacts Affects Observed Relationships of Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Organizational Variables. Human Performance, 27(2), 165-182

Taylor, C. M., Cornelius, C. J. & Colvin, K. (2014).Visionary Leadership and Its Relationship To Organizational Effectiveness. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 35(6), 566-583

Vail, S.E., (1985). Organizational Effectiveness and National Sport Governing Bodies: a Multiple Constituency Approach, Sport Governing Bodies: a Multiple Constituency Approach. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University Of Ottawa, Ottawa

Waldman, D.A., Javidan, M. and Varella, P. (2004). Charismatic leadership at the strategic level: a new application of upper echelons theory. Leadership Quarterly, 15(3), 355-380

Walker, A. (2011).Organizational Behaviour in Construction, Wiley_Blackwell, London, 1-336

Williams, L. J. & Anderson, S. E., (1991). Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitmentas Predictor of Organizational Citizenship and in-Role Beahvior. Journal of Management,   17(3), 601-617

Zaky. M.A., Adibi Sadeh, Mehdi & Yazdkhasti, Bahjat (2006). An Investigation of the Organizational Effectiveness of Education Schools in Isfahan, Shiraz: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 27-42. [In Persion]

Zhu, W., Chew, I .K.H. & Spangler, W. D. (2005). CEO Transformational Leadership and Organizational Outcomes: the Mediating Role of Human-Capital-Enhancing Human Resource Management, the Leadership Quarterly, 16(1), 39-52