مروری بر برداشت میکروجلبک‌ها از محیط‌های آبی با استفاده از روش‌های زیستی

فصلنامه بیولوژی کاربردی

دوره 11، شماره 41، فروردین 1400، صفحه 85-106   

نوع مقاله: مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

حسن بختیاری¹؛ رضا انصاری طادی²؛ ابوعلی گلزاری^{* 3}

¹دانشجوی دکتری محیط زیست، شرکت آب و فاضلاب استان قم، قم، ایران

²کارشناسی ارشد، زیست‌شناسی گیاهی، شرکت آب و فاضلاب استان قم، قم، ایران.

³دکتری، دانشکده محیط زیست، پردیس دانشکده‌های فنی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف:زیستگاه اصلی میکروجلبک‌ها محیط‌های آبی طبیعی یا انسان ساخت می‌باشد. میکروجلبک‌ها در فرایند تصفیه آب و فاضلاب و یا تولید توده زیستی قابل استفاده در تولید بیودیزل، تولید کود بیولوژیک، مکمّل‌ها و خوراک دام و طیور و آبزیان استفاده می‌شوند. روش‌های برداشت میکروجلبک‌ها از محیط آبی نظیر رسوب گرانشی، سانتریفیوژ کردن، فیلتراسیون و غربال‌گری، شناورسازی، جداسازی الکترولیتی و فلوکولاسیون مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است.
روش‌شناسی: در روش فلوکولاسیون که فلوکولانت‌های مختلف جهت ته‌نشین‌سازی میکروجلبک‌ها پیشنهاد شده است (ترکیبات سولفات و کلرید فلزاتی چون آهن، آلومینیوم و روی، ترکیبات کاتیونی مانند نشاسته کاتیونی و پلیمرهای زیستی نظیر کیتوزان و ...) معایبی همچون مقدار بالای فلوکولانت مورد نیاز، تولید پسماندهایی که نیاز به جداسازی مجدد دارند را نشان می‌دهد.
یافته‌ها:پایین بودن بازده ته‌نشین‌سازی و قیمت بالای فلوکولانت موجب شده، جستجو برای یافتن فلوکولانت‌های ارزان، کم مصرف و بی‌نیاز به جداسازی مجدد، به طور جدی مورد توجه محققان قرار گیرد. عواملی نظیر مقدار و نوع بیوفلوکولانت و عوامل محیطی نظیر دما،pH ، در سرعت اختلاط در راندمان بیوفلوکولاسیون نقش دارد. در این تحقیق روشی ارزان و پربازده بیوفولوکولاسیون بررسی و شرایط بهینه ارائه گردید. مطالعات نشان می‌دهد که جداسازی میکروجلبک‌ها در روش بیوفلوکولاسیون در برخی موارد تا 99% افزایش می‌یابد.
نتیجه‌گیری: تحقیق مروری حاضر گویای آن است که می توان از میکروارگانیسم‌های ته‌نشین‌شونده نظیر باکتری‌ها، دیاتوم‌ها و میکروجلبک‌های خاص به عنوان بیوفلوکولانت استفاده نمود و با روشی دوست‌دار محیط زیست، میکروجلبک‌ها را برای مقاصد مختلف برداشت و جداسازی کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بیوفلوکولانت؛ میکروجلبک؛ روش‌های زیستی؛ زیست پالایشگاه‌ها

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